专八考试技巧

专八考试技巧

　　2015年专八考试即将开考，同学们也都正处于紧张的复习冲刺阶段，考试也是要讲究技巧的，新东方在线整理了专八考试技巧供考生参考。

　　TEM 8 Reading Comprehension

　　一、 考试分析

　　(1) 了解大纲要求

　　2005年后大纲，阅读部分时间为30分钟，四篇文章，20道选题，每篇文章总长度为800词左右。

　　(2) 了解文章题材

　　阅读题材涉及国家政治，经济，社会，文化和教育方面等知识。

　　英文报刊：China Daily, 21st Century, Shanghai Star, Shanghai Daily

　　英文杂志： (国外)： Time, Economist, Newsweek, Reader’s Digest

　　(国内)：《英语学习》，《英语世界》，《英语沙龙》

　　在阅读时常问自己以下问题：

　　What is the main idea?

　　What are the details?

　　What can be inferred?

　　What conclusions can be drawn?

　　What can this word mean?

　　What is the purpose of the author?

　　二、 阅读理解提问类型

　　(1)主旨题(Topic Questions)

　　主旨题用来测试考生对整篇文章的理解能力，可以问短文的标题，主要内容，主题，作者的态度，目的，短文的基调等。

　　What does the passage mainly discuss?

　　What is the best title for the passage?

　　What is the main topic of the passage?

　　What is the main subject of the passage?

　　What is the main idea expressed in the passage?

　　With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?

　　With which of the following topics is the passage primarily concerned?

　　(2)细节题 (specific questions)

　　细节题是根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，选择的依据必须是短文本身提供的信息。

　　What does the passage say about….

　　What is the author’s opinion about….

　　When did scientists discover that …

　　When did Chicago’s first railroad service begin?

　　Where did Jane spend most of her childhood?

　　Where in the passage does the author mention…

　　Which of the following is most clearly an example of …

　　Who was the first to discover Jane’s talent?

　　How often does a rattlesnake shed its skin?

　　How far has research on echolocation progressed?

　　How many different types of birds are referred to in the passage?

　　According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　(3) 推理题 (Inference questions)

　　推理题的答案往往在短文的字面上不会出现，必须根据已知信息来推理。因此，推理有一定的难度。

　　What is probably the main reason that….

　　What does the passage imply about…

　　What does the author think/ conclude about…

　　What would the next paragraph probably discuss?

　　The paragraph preceding this one most probably discussed…

　　This passage most probably came from…

　　(4) 指代题 (Reference Questions)

　　指代题用来测试考生在短文中理解词义和词组意义的能力。

　　In line 3, what does “it” refer to?

　　The word “spotted” (line 6) means…

　　What does the author define in lines 1-2?

　　As used in line 14, the word “cousins” refers to …

　　In the last sentence of the passage, the phrase “ these tools” refers to…

　　In the passage, the author refers to a young bird as all of the following EXCEPT a …

　　To which of the following is the phrase “ in its own right” in line 8 closest in meaning?

　　三、正确处理理解和速度的关系

　　首先保证阅读理解的准确性，阅读速度只有在准确理解的基础上才有意义。一味追求速度，丢了理解，或者一碰到难点就反复重读，都会影响考试成绩。因此，应试者必须合理安排时间，做到理解和速度两者兼顾。

　　a) 先读文章后的题目，只读问题，不读选项。

　　b) 迅速浏览篇章，把文章的段落及总体结构搞清，不能一拿到文章就开始逐句逐字地研读。

　　c) 把困难的问题留到最后。

　　d) 在没有把握的情况下，用排除法猜测答案。

　　e) 永远不要空着题目不做。

　　f) 根据不同的题目类型采取不同的阅读方法。

　　较常用的有：

　　i. skimming 略读， 通过阅读文章标题和主题句来了解文章的主意。适合于 topic question

　　ii. scanning 寻读，在文章中查找所需要的信息。

　　适合于 细节类题目(specific question)和语义类题目。

　　iii. careful reading 细读 找到问题中的key words, 并细读整个句子。适合于 指代题 (Reference Questions)

　　iv. critical reading 评读， 主要是对所读的文章进行评论。

　　适合于推理题 (Inference questions)

　　四、 如何提高阅读速度

　　1)减速信号灯

　　However/ but/ yet/ by contrast

　　For example: (03, 3) Most people picture sharks as huge, powerful, frightening predators, ready at any moment to use their sharp teeth to attack unwary swimmers without provocation. There are numerous fallacies, however, in this conceptions of sharks.

　　2) 加速信号灯

　　For example/ for instance

　　引出例子，经常跟在论点的后面来证明观点。所以例子前面的观点是重要的信息，是应该认真读的部分，而后面的例子是次要信息。

　　因此，看到for example 之类绿灯信号，就应当大胆地加速，跳读过去。

　　五.对于生词的理解──常用英语词缀

　　1. 常用前缀(Prefix)

　　前缀 原义 例词

　　ab- away from, down abnormal, absent

　　ad- to, toward advance, adhere

　　anti- against antislavery, antibody

　　arch- chief, principal archbishop, archcriminal

　　bi- two bicycle, biannual bimonthly

　　co-, col- together cooperate, colleague

　　com-, cor- together companion, correlate

　　con- with conform, concurrent

　　contra- against contraceptive, contradiction

　　counter- against counterpoint, counterpart

　　de- away, down depart, depress, devalue

　　dis- not dishonest, dislike, discover

　　e-, ex- out, away from emit, exhale

　　extra- outside, beyond extramural, extraordinary

　　for-, fore- before forswear, foresee, forehead

　　il-, im- not illegal, impossible

　　in-, ir- not incapable, irregular

　　inter- among, between international, intermix

　　mal- bad, wrong malfunction, maladjusted

　　micro- small microwaves, miciofilms

　　mis- wrong, ill misspelling, misfortune

　　multi- many multimedia, multimillionaire

　　non- not nonstop, nonsense

　　out- beyond outlive, outnumber

　　over- above overjoy, overhand

　　post- after postwar, posttest

　　pre- before prehistoric, pretest

　　pro- for, in favor of pro-abortion, pro-slavery

　　re- again, back rewrite, review

　　semi- half semicircle, semifinal

　　sub- under subway, subnormal

　　super- above superman, superpower

　　tele- far, at a distance television, telephone

　　trans- across, through transatlantic, transfix

　　tri- three triangle, tripod

　　un- not unusual, unreal, unlikely

　　under- below underground, underfed

　　2、 常用后缀 (Suffix)

　　1. 名词后缀 (Noun Suffix)

　　后缀 原义 例词

　　-acy state of quality of privacy, accuracy

　　-age action or state of breakage, shortage

　　-al relating to arrival, approval

　　-an, -ian one who artisan, guardian

　　-ance, -ence state or quality of performance, dependence

　　-ant, -ent one who dependant, resident

　　-ary place for, dealing with library, dictionary

　　-dom place, condition kingdom, freedom

　　-ee one who receives an action employee, examinee

　　-er, -ar one who farmer, beggar

　　-or a thing that tractor, doctor

　　-ese, -er, inhabitant of Chinese, southerner

　　-ian inhabitant of Canadian, Italian

　　-ess one who, female actress, waitress

　　-hood state or condition of childhood, boyhood

　　-ing a noun feeling, building

　　-ion, -tion state or quality of union, nation

　　-sion state or quality of revision, decision

　　-ism state of, doctrine realism, socialism

　　-ist, -tist one who chemist, egotist

　　-ity, -ty state or quality of reality, loyalty

　　-y state or quality of unity

　　-ment state or quality of government, enlargement

　　-ness state or quality of happiness, illness

　　-ship state or quality of hardship, friendship

　　-th state or quality of warmth, truth

　　-ure state or quality of failure, pressure, pleasure

　　3. 形容词后缀 (Adjective Suffix)

　　后缀 原义 例词

　　-able, -ible able to be suitable, responsible

　　-al relating to national, abdominal

　　-ant, -ent having the nature of dominant, independent

　　-ar, -ic, -ish having the nature of familiar, historic, boyish

　　-en state or quality of golden, broken

　　-fic having the nature of native, talkative

　　-less without, free of useless, homeless

　　-ous having the nature of famous, murderous

　　-tious, -cious having the nature of ambitious, suspicious

　　-ious having the nature of anxious, contentious

　　-some having the nature of troublesome, lonesome

　　-ward direction homeward, backward

　　4. 动词后缀 (Verb Suffix)

　　后缀 原义 例词

　　-ate to make, to cause marinate, animate

　　-en to make or cause to be lighten, lengthen, strengthen

　　-fy, -ify to make or cause to be satisfy, fortify, simplify

　　-ize, ise to make, act like modernize, realize, advertise

　　5. 副词后缀 (Adverb Suffix)

　　后缀 原义 例词

　　-ly in a certain manner quality, softly, fancifully

　　-ward direction outward, forward

　　6. 常见词根辨词表

　　词根 含义 词例

　　aero(G) air(航空) aeroplane(飞机)

　　aeronautical(航空的)

　　aerodrome(机场)

　　agri(L) field(领域) agriculture(农业)

　　agrobiology(农业生物学)

　　annus(L) year(年) annual(年度)

　　anniversary(周年)

　　annals(年表)

　　autos(G) self(自己) automatic(自动的)

　　autobiography(自传)

　　autonomy(自治)

　　aud(L) hear(听觉) auditorium(礼堂)

　　inaudible(听不见的)

　　audience(听众)

　　bio(G) life(生活) biography(传记)

　　biology(生物)

　　biochemistry(生物化学)

　　amphibious(两栖的)

　　brev(L) short(简短) brief(简短的)

　　abridge(节略)

　　abbreviate(缩写)

　　cent(L) hundred(百) cent(分)

　　percent(百分比)

　　century(世纪)

　　cycl/ kukl(G) cycle(循环) cycle(循环)

　　bicycle(自行车)

　　cyclist(骑自行车者)

　　dict(L) say(说话) dictate(口述)

　　indicate(表示)

　　verdict(判决)

　　electra(G) electric(电) electricity(电)

　　electromagnetic(电磁)

　　geo(G) earth(大地) geography(地理)

　　geometry(几何学)

　　geophysics(地球物理学)

　　gram(G) letter, thing written telegram(电报)

　　(通讯，文化) gramophone(留声机)

　　grammar(语法)

　　diagram(图解)

　　graph(G) exchange telegraph(电报)

　　(交流) autograph(亲笔字)

　　photograph(照片)

　　grat(L) pleasing, thankful gratitude(感谢)

　　(高兴，感谢) grateful(感谢)

　　congratulate(祝贺)

　　hydr (G) water(水) hydro-electric(水力发电的)

　　hydraulic(水力的)

　　hydrogen(氢)

　　logy(G) science of biology(生物学)

　　(科学) psychology(心理学)

　　theology(神学)

　　zoology(动物学)

　　geology(地质学)

　　mar(L) sea(海洋) marine(船舶)

　　submarine(潜水艇)

　　medi (L) middle(中间) median(中央的)

　　medium(中间，媒介)

　　intermediate(中间的)

　　metro(G) measure(测量) centimeter(公分)

　　speedometer(示速计)

　　thermometer(温度计)

　　millimeter(毫米)

　　milli(L) thousand(千) millennium(一千年)

　　milligram(毫克)

　　min(L) smaller(小) diminish(缩减，减少)

　　minimize(使减少)

　　minority(少数)

　　mov/ mot(L) move(动) movement(活动)

　　motion(运动)

　　commotion(混乱)

　　remove(移动)

　　not (L) know(知道) notice(注意)

　　notify(通知)

　　denote(表示)

　　notorious(众所周知)

　　onym(L) name(名) antonym(反义词)

　　synonym(同义词)

　　pseudonym(笔名)

　　anonymous(匿名的)

　　pan(L) all, completely pan-American(泛美的)

　　(所有，全部) panorama(全景)

　　panacea(万能药)

　　phon(G) sound(声音) telephone(电话)

　　symphony(交响乐)

　　microphone(麦克风)

　　photo(G) light(光) photograph(照片)

　　physic(G) subject(学问) physics(生物学)

　　physiology(生理学)

　　metaphysics(形而上学)

　　pseud(G) false(虚假) pseudo-democratic(假民主)

　　pseudonym(假名，笔名)

　　pseudo-science(伪科学)

　　tele(G) distant(距离) telegram(电报)

　　telescope(望眼镜)

　　telephone(电话)

　　therm(G) heat(热) thermometer(温度计)

　　thermos(热水瓶)

　　thermonuclear(热核的)

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