2010年英语专业八级考试听力真题（附mp3及答案）

2010年英语专业八级考试听力真题（附mp3及答案）

Section A Mini-lecture 听力原文

　　Paralinguistic features of languages

　　Good morning, everyone. Today we'll continue ourdiscussion on describing language. Last week weexamined such features of language as grammar, vocabulary, the sounds of language, etc. Inthis lecture, we'll look at another important aspect of language. Perhaps some of you maywonder what is this important aspect of language. Let me tell you.It refers to features ofcommunication that takes place without the use of grammar and vocabulary.They are called‘paralinguistic features of language'.These features fall into two broad categories:those thatinvolve voice and those that involve the body.

　　Now, the first category, is what we call vocal paralinguistic features.Vocal features are actuallytones of voice. While they are, perhaps, not central to meaning in communication in the sameway as grammar or vocabulary, they may, nevertheless, convey attitude or intention in someway. Let me give you some examples. The first iswhispering, which indicatesthe needs forsecrecy. The second isbreathiness. This is to showdeep emotion. The third ishuskiness, whichis to showunimportants. The fourth isnasality. This is to indicate anxiety. The last isextra lip-rounding, which expressesgreater intimacy, expecially with babies, for example. So we can seethat there are a number of ways of altering our tone of voice. And when we do thisconsciously, we do it to create different effects in communication.

　　Now, let's come tothe second category, physical paralinguistic features, which involves thebody. In addition to convey meanings with tone of voice, we can also express our intentionsthrough the ways in which we use our bodies. You may ask: what are the ways, then? Let mesight some brief examples. The expression on our face, the gestures we make and evenproximity or way we sit, are some of the ways we send powerful messages. About how we feel,or what we mean. Let me explain some of these in more detail. First,facial expression. Facialexpression is a powerful conveyer of meaning. We all knowsmilingis an almost universal signalofpleasure or welcome. But there are other facial expressions that may not be so common. Forinstance,raising eye-brows- suggest that you aresurprised or interested in something. Otherfacial actions, such asbiting your lip, which indicates that you aredeep in thinking, orareuncertainabout something;compressing the lips, which show that you aremaking decisions;and a visibleclenching of the teeth, to show that you areangry, are all powerful conveyers ofmeaning, too. The second in this category is gesture. You see, we usegestureto indicate awide range of meanings. Though I have to emphasize that the actual gestures we use may bespecific to particular cultures. That is to say different cultures have their own favoritegestures in conveying meaning. Here, a few examples may show you how powerful gestures canbe. In British English behavior,shrugging shouldersmay indicate an attitude of ‘I don't care', or‘I don't know'.Crossing your armsmay indicaterelaxation. But it can also powerfully show youarebored.Wavingcan meanwelcome and farewell. Whilescratching your headmay indicate thatyou areat a loss. In other cultures,placing your hand upon your heartis to indicate that youaretelling the truth.Pointing your finger at your nosemeansit's a secret. That's why we saythatgestures are culture bound. The third isproximity, posture and echoing. Proximityreferstothe physical distance between speakers.This can indicate a number of things and can also beused to consciously send messages about intent.Closeness, for example, indicatesintimacyor threatto many speakers. But distance may showformality, orlack of interest. Once again, I'dlike to say,proximity is also both a matter of personal style, and is often culture bound. So,what may seem normal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distantto a speaker from another. And standing close to someone may be quite appropriate in somesituations such as an informal party, but completely out of place in other situations, such as ameeting with a superior. Next, posture.Posture means the way in which someone holds his orher body,especially the back, shoulders and head, when standing, walking or sitting. A fewexamples.Hunched shoulders and a hanging headgive a powerful indication of whether theperson ishappy or not.A lowered headwhen speaking to a superior,with or without eye contactcan convey the appropriate relationshipin some cultures. On the other hand,direct level eyecontact, changes the nature of interaction, and can been seen as eitheropen or challenging.Last, echoing. Now, what is echoing? Let me start with an example. Some of you may havenoticed this phenomenon in your experience. When two people are keen to agree each other,they would likely, though unconsciously adopt the same posture, as if an imitation of eachother. They sit or stand in the same manor. When used in this way,echoing appears tocomplement the verbal communication. Of course, when such imitation is carried outconsciously, it often indicates that someone is marking at another speaker.

　　Ok, in today's lecture,we looked at some paralinguistic features, such as tone of voice, gestureand posture. These features, together with linguistic features of language, like grammar, orvocabulary, are all part of the way we communicate with each other in face to face encounters.In our next lecture, we'll watch some video material, and see how people actually useparalinguistic means in communication to express their intention or desire or mood.

　　笔记：

　　I. Vocal Paralinguistic Features

　　1. whispering- the needs for secrecy

　　2. breathiness- deep emotion

　　3. huskiness- unimportants

　　4. nasality- anxiety

　　5. extra lip-rounding- greater intimacy

　　II. physical paralinguistic features

　　1. facial expression- powerful conveyer of meaning.

　　--e.g.1 smiling: pleasure or welcome

　　--e.g.2 raising eye-brows: surprised or interested in something

　　--e.g.3 biting your lip:deep in thinking/ uncertain about something

　　--e.g.4 compressing the lips: making decisions

　　--e.g.5 clenching of the teeth: angry

　　2. gesture- culture bound

　　--e.g.1 shrugging shoulders: 'I don't care', or 'I don't know'

　　--e.g.2 crossing your arms: relaxation/ bored

　　--e.g.3 waving: welcome and farewell

　　--e.g.4 scratching your head: at a loss

　　--e.g.5 placing your hand upon your heart: telling the truth

　　--e.g.6 pointing your finger at your nose: it's a secret

　　3. proximity, posture and echoing

　　1). proximity: personal style & culture bound

　　--e.g.1 closeness: intimacy, threat

　　--e.g.2 distance: fomality, lack of interest

　　2). posture: the way in which someone holds his or her body

　　--e.g.1 Hunched shoulders and a hanging head: happy or not

　　--e.g.2 A lowered head, eye contact: the appropriate relationship

　　--e.g.3 direct level eye contact: open or challenging

　　3). echoing: to complement the verbal communication

　　Section B Interview试题及答案

　　In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.Listen carefully and then answer the questions thatfollow. Mark the correct answer to each question onANSWER SHEET TWO.

　　Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10seconds to answer each of the following five questions.

　　Now listen to the interview.

　　1. According to Dr Johnson, diversity means

　　A. merging of different cultural identities.

　　B. more emphasis on homogeneity.

　　C. embracing of more ethnic differences.

　　D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity.

　　2. According to the interview, which of the following statements in CORRECT?

　　A. Some places are more diverse than others.

　　B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.

　　C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.

　　D. American is a truly diverse country.

　　3. According to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by2025?

　　A. Maine

　　B. Selinsgrove

　　C. Philadelphia

　　D. California

　　4. During the interview Dr Johnson indicates that

　　A. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.

　　B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse.

　　C. age diversity could lead to pension problems.

　　D. older populations are more racially diverse.

　　5. According to the interview, religious diversity

　　A. was most evident between 1990 and 2000.

　　B. exists among Muslim immigrants.

　　C. is restricted to certain places in the US.

　　D. is spreading to more parts of the country.

　　1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. C

Section B Interview听力原文

　　In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.Listen carefully and then answer the questions thatfollow. Mark the correct answer to each question onANSWER SHEET TWO.

　　Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10seconds to answer each of the following five questions.

　　Now listen to the interview.

　　W: The word "diversity" has become a cliché in the United States today. It seems to me thatnowadays Americans cannot turn on the television or read a newspaper without seeing theword pop up somewhere as a description of American demographic. Then what is thisdiversity in the U.S.? Today we are very pleased to have Dr. James Johnson here on our talkshow. Welcome, Dr. Johnson.

　　M: Thanks.

　　W: Dr. Johnson, we know you have done an extensive research on diversity.So what is...howdo you define diversity in the American context?

　　M: Well, at one time, the U.S. was called "a melting pot", you know, which means that people ofmany different religions, cultures and races could shad their traditional cultural identities andblend into one homogeneous nation. W: Am I right in saying that a melting pot willemphasize the idea of all in one or being the same? M: Yes, you may say so. Umm, of course,when the phrase "melting pot" was popular, there was also the idea of being different. Butbeing different then simply meant Catholic as opposed to Protestant, or Irish as opposed toSwedish or Italian.

　　W: Has the idea of being different changed over the years?

　　M: Yes, of course. You see today we use the word "diversity" to refer to more visible ethnicdifferences, Asian American, African American and Latino, for instance. And religious diversityrefers to a variety of world religions, not merely different branches of Christianity.

　　W: And now is America as a whole truly diverse?

　　M: Well, I think, in all this talk of diversity, there is a critical point that may be missed. That is,diversity is not occurring everywhere in the U.S., or at least not to a degree that would alterthe demography of every region in the country.

　　W: Oh, really?

　　M: I can give you an example. Recently, a New York Times' article describes the town ofSelinsgrove in Pennsylvania. You see, in the last ten years, things have barely changed in thattown. The population has dropped by one from 5,384 to 5,383, and the town remains virtually100% white. The article thus concludes that many portions of the country remain likeSelinsgrove virtually unchanged on this march towards diversity.

　　W: So regions vary in terms of the degree and types of diversity.

　　M: That's correct. Let's see, there are 3 types of diversity in the U.S. and they differ fromregion to region.

　　W: Could you elaborate on that?

　　M: OK. The first is the racial diversity. States with the most racially diverse populations standand start contrast to those with the least racially diverse populations.Umm, let's look at twostates, California and Maine. From 1990 to 2000, California's Caucasian population, mainlynon-Hispanic whites declined from 57% to 48%. By 2025 as it is predicted, that figure willdrop to just 34%, which indicates a future change in a racial composition of California. On thecontrary, Maine's Caucasian population was 98% of its total population to around the1990s. And by 2025, Maine's population will still be 97% Caucasian, which means virtually nochange in Maine's racial diversity over the next 20 or so years.

　　W: This shows that racial diversity is not occurring everywhere. Then what about other typesof diversity?

　　M: Right. The second type of diversity is age diversity. And there're some interesting agegaps developing between states. For example, there is a large gap between the average age ofthe 5 states with the youngest populations, and the 5 states with the oldest populations. Thisof course is well known. What is less discussed is the difference between the racial make up ofthe younger and older populations. Most of the populations having the greatest racial diversityare younger on average than the populations with critic Caucasian representation. It is also wellknown that Caucasians tend to be more affluent than other ethnic groups on average. In ourpay-as-you-go social security system, workers are taxed to pay the benefit to retirees. Sothis could lead to a future, while world systematically redistributed from younger poorminorities, to older wealthier whites.

　　W: This is a very interesting point. Then what is the third type of diversity in the U.S.?

　　M: The third is religious diversity. Immigration from India, Pakistan and Mid-east broughtradically increasing numbers of Hindus and Muslims to the US. And Chinese, Vietnamese,Japanese and other Asian immigrants increase the numbers of Buddhists.

　　W: Oh, I see.

　　M: But the point is that these religions didn't settle everywhere. They settled mainly inCalifornia and major in northeastern and mid-western cities, such as New York, Philadelphia,Chicago and Minneapolis. From 1990 to 2000, the number of Muslims in New York City grewfrom 600,000 to nearly one million. In the Los Angles area, there are now more than 300Buddhists temples.

　　W: So we see that many parts of the U.S.are truly becoming more diverse, while at the sametime, others are centrally remaining the same in terms of race, age and religion.

　　M: Yes, that is true.

　　W: Ok, Dr. Johnson, Thank you very much for coming on the show and talking to us.

　　M: My pleasure.

　　Section C News Broadcast 听力试题

　　In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.Listen carefully and then answer the questions thatfollow. Mark the correct answer to each question onyour coloured answer sheet.

　　Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10seconds to answer the question.

　　Now listen to the news.

　　6.What is the main idea of the news item?

　　A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.

　　B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.

　　C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.

　　D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.

　　Question 7 and 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given20 seconds to answer the questions.

　　Now listen to the news.

　　7.Which of the following is mentioned as the government’s measure to control inflation?

　　A. Foreign investment.

　　B. Donor support.

　　C. Price control.

　　D. Bank prediction.

　　8.According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?

　　A. 20 million percent.

　　B. 2.2 million percent.

　　C. 11.2 million percent.

　　D. Over 11.2 million percent.

　　Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will begiven 20 seconds to answer the question.

　　Now listen to the news.

　　9. Which of the following is CORRECT?

　　A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.

　　B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.

　　C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.

　　D. A big fire took place on two floors.

　　10. The likely cause of the big fire is

　　A. electrical short-cut.

　　B. lack of fire-satefy measures.

　　C. terrorism.

　　D. not known.

Section C News Broadcast 试题答案

　　6. B 7.C 8. D 9. D 10. A

Section C News Broadcast 听力原文

　　In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.Listen carefully and then answer the questions thatfollow. Mark the correct answer to each question onANSWER SHEET TWO.

　　Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10seconds to answer the question.

　　Now listen to the news.

　　"Japan will start an aggressive push to market abroad its mobile technology, especially thenation's popular wallet-phone. " A government official said Tuesday. Although Japan boastssome of [19:37.10]the most sophisticated cell-phones in the world, the nation has failed tomake its handsets, wireless technology and mobile services hits outside of Japan. Among thewireless innovations Japan hopes to paddle is the wallet-phone. The technology relies on a tinycomputer chip imbedded in each cell-phone which communicates with a reader-device atstores, train stations and vending machines for cashless payments. This tiny computer chip wasdeveloped by Japanese Electronics and Entertainment Company—Sony Corporation.

　　Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news.

　　At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.

　　Now listen to the news.

　　Zimbabwe's inflation rate has soared in the past three months and is now at 11.2 millionpercent, the highest in the world, according to the country's central statistical office. Officialfigures dated Monday show inflation has surged from the rate of 2.2 million percent recordedin May, despite the government's price controls. The country's finance minister confirmed thenew figure in an interview but said the rising inflation rate was not confined in Zimbabwealone. In February, the price of a loaf of bread in the country was less than 200,000 inZimbabwe dollars. On Monday, that same loaf of bread cost 1.6 trillion Zimbabwe dollars.Analysts have said that this Zimbabwean government official inflation rate figures areconservative. Last week, one of Zimbabwe's leading banks, Kingdom Bank, said the country'sinflation rate was now more than 20 million percent. The locally-owned bank predictedtougher times ahead for Zimbabwe in the absence of donor support in falling investment in aneconomy that has been in free fall for almost a decade.

　　Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news.At the end of the news item, you will begiven 20 seconds to answer the questions.

　　Now listen to the news.

　　"A large fire erupted Tuesday in Egypt's parliament and five people were hospitalized for smokeinhalation," official said. There was no official word on the cause of the blaze which ravaged a19th century palace where parliament's upper house located. Dozens of fire tracks were at thescene. While firefighters focused on one corner of the building, the blaze burned heavier onthe second corner, spreading to the second floor. Two helicopters scooped water from thenearby Nile River in small buckets and dumped it onto the blaze. Evacuated employees saidauthorities told them they had ruled out terrorism and that an electrical short-circuit had likelysparked the fire. "Those hospitalized included parliament employees and firefighters," saidAhmad Salah, the fire operation supervisor. The extent of damage was not immediately known.Egypt requires some fire safety measures in buildings, including fire extinguishes. But ingeneral, the rules are not straightly enforced.

专四专八精选好课 暖心助学

新东方好老师 手把手带学