专八人文知识需知的美国名人--收割机发明者麦考密克

专八人文知识需知的美国名人--收割机发明者麦考密克

　　英语专八人文知识涵盖的知识面较广，考生们需要平时多积累小常识，这样在专八考试中才能游刃有余，新东方在线整理了专八人文知识需知的美国名人系列知识点供考生们参考。

　　麦考密克(1809～1884)

　　McCormick，Cyrus Hall

　　美国工业家，发明家。近代收割机的发明者之一。1834年他创制的一台收割机获得专利 ， 1837 年开始小量制造。1847年在伊利诺伊州芝加哥市建立工厂，开始大规模生产收割机，为麦考密克收获机公司 (1902年与其他公司合并成为国际收获机公司)奠定了最初的基础。

　　第一个将营销看做企业特有核心功能的人，认为管理的特殊任务在于创造顾客，发明了现代营销的基本工具，市场分析法等。

　　Cyrus Hall McCormick, Sr. (February 15, 1809 – May 13, 1884) of Rockbridge County, Virginia wasan American inventor and founder of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which becamepart of International Harvester Company in 1902.

　　Early life

　　He was born in "an inhouse", the McCormick family farm in EH podge Rockbridge County, Virginia,in the Shenandoah Valley on the western side of the Blue Ridge Mountains. His parents were MaryAnn Hall McCormick and Robert Hall McCormick.He was the oldest of eight children and his siblingsincluded Leander J. McCormick and William Sanderson McCormick.He was influenced by his father,who patented early versions of the reaper, which were unsuccessful.

　　Reaper

　　McCormick's father worked for 28 years on a horse-drawn reaper. However, he was not able tofinish his project and stopped developing it. In 1830, when McCormick turned 21, his father gavehim the deed to the reaper. McCormick developed a final version of the reaper, with the help of JoAnderson, a slave, in 18 months. The reaper was demonstrated in tests in 1831 and was patentedby McCormick in 1834.

　　In 1847 he and his brother Leander moved to Chicago, where they established large centralizedworks for manufacturing agricultural implements; they were joined by their brother William in1849. The McCormick reaper sold well, partially as a result of savvy and innovative businesspractices. Their products came onto the market just as the development of railroads offered widedistribution to distant market areas. He developed marketing and sales techniques, developing avast network of trained salesmen able to demonstrate operation of the machines in the field.William H. Seward said of McCormick's invention that owing to it "the line of civilization moveswestward thirty miles each year." One of the company's most famous advertisement featured anepic painting by Emanuel Leutze with the slogan, “Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Waywith McCormick Reapers in the Van."

　　Awards

　　Numerous prizes and medals were awarded for his reaper, and he was elected a correspondingmember of the French Academy of Sciences, "as having done more for the cause of agriculturethan any other living man." The invention of the reaper made farming far more efficient, andresulted in a global shift of labor from farmlands to cities. In 1851, the reaper won the highestaward of the day, the Gold Medal at London's Crystal Palace Exhibition. A statue of McCormick ison the front campus of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.

　　Mr. McCormick was inducted into the Junior Achievement U.S. Business Hall of Fame in 1975.

　　The town and county of McCormick South Carolina was named after him after he bought a goldmine in the town, formally known as Dornsville.

　　Death

　　McCormick died in Chicago in 1884; he had been handicapped for the last four years of his life. Hislast words, before passing into unconsciousness, were "It's all right. It's all right. I only want...." Thecompany passed on to his grandson, Cyrus Hall McCormick III.The McCormick factories were laterthe site of urban labor strikes that led to the Haymarket Square riot in 1886.

　　Cyrus McCormick's papers are held by the Wisconsin Historical Society.

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