专八人文知识总结：美国历史（3）

专八人文知识总结：美国历史（3）

　　专八人文知识涵盖的知识面较广，考生们需要平时多积累、分类汇总记忆，这样在专八考试中才能游刃有余，新东方在线整理了专八人文知识总结知识点供考生们参考。

　　1. 1776年 杰斐逊起草《独立宣言》。这年确定7.4 为美国独立日

　　The Declaration of Independence was drafted by Thomas Jefferson of Virginia. The Declaration is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the revolution and this theory came from the famous British philosopher John Locke.《独立宣言》是由来自弗吉尼亚州的托马斯·杰斐逊起草的，它明确阐述了支撑这场革命理论的政治理论，这一理论来源于英国著名哲学家约翰·洛克。

　　2. The Thirteen Colonies began a rebellion against British rule in 1775 and proclaim their independence in 1776. In the same year, the Declaration of Independence was drafted by Thomas Jefferson, which states that the colonies were “free independent states” and was adopted onJuly 4th, 1776 at a session of the Second Continental Congress.13个英国殖民地于1776年宣布独立，同年，托马斯·杰斐逊起草《独立宣言》，并于1776年7月4日的第二次大陆会议通过。

　　3. 1783年 萨拉托加大捷，战争进入转折点。

　　On the Christmas Day of 1776, the Americans defeated the British troops at Trenton, New Jersey. Not long afterwards, the American troops defeated the British at Saratoga in Northern New York. This was a great turning point of the War of Independence, leading directly to an alliance between the U.S. and France.

　　在1776年的圣诞节，美军在新泽西的特伦敦挫败英军。此后不久，美军在纽约北部的萨拉托加击败英军，史称“萨拉托加大捷”。这次胜利被认为是北美独立战争的转折点，并直接导致英法联军的建立。

　　4. In September 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed, and Britain recognized the independence of the U.S. 1783年9月，《巴黎条约》签订，英国正是承认美国独立。

　　5. In 1789, the Federal Government was set up and Washington became the first American President, while John Adams was elected vice President. 1789年，联邦政府成立，华盛顿成为第一任美国总统，约翰·亚当斯为第一任副总统。

　　6. 1830年 安德鲁·杰克逊通过了《印第安人迁移法》Indian Removal Act，把印第安人推到了密西西比河以东地区，西进运动Westward Movement。

　　7. 1823年12月2日 美国总统门罗提出了对美洲殖民地不干涉、美洲体系的原则。

　　门罗monroe

　　Monroe Doctrine门罗宣言：was the basis of American foreign policy when James Monroe was the president. 其他国家不得干涉美国事物

　　8. 1861-1865年 南北战争时期。The American Civil War

　　The American Civil War美国内战/南北战争：From 1861 to 1865, the war was between the North 北部资产阶级雇佣制 and the South 南部种植园主奴隶制，历时四年，北方胜利，南方统一。

　　9. In the Civil War, Lincoln realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery. So he issued the famous Emancipation Proclamation. 美国内战期间，林肯意识到如果这场内战变成一场反对奴隶制的正义战争，他可以获得国内外联盟的支持，所以他发表了著名的《解放奴隶宣言》。

　　10. On November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln made a short speech on the occasion of dedicating the national cemetery at Gettysburg. He ended his speech with these memorable words “That government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”1863年11月19日，林肯在葛底斯堡阵亡将士公墓落成仪式上发表了简短的演说，他以令人难忘的语言结束了演说“民有，民治，民享的政府永远不会在地球上消失。”

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