2017英语专四语法考点:情态动词

2016-04-27 12:07:39来源:网络

2017英语专四语法考点:情态动词

  专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法(省略,时态,反义疑问句,代词,强调句,主谓一致,冠词,形容词及副词)、as的特殊用法。

  考试中,情态动词部分重点测试以下内容:

  (1)情态动词+行为动词完成式

  (2)某些情态动词的特殊用法

  1. must have v-ed

  must have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。其否定形式为:can’t / couldn’t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。

  例如:

  Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.

  2. could have v-ed 表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了

  3. may / might have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。

  4.ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldn’t have v-ed 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”,分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”表示应完成而未完成的动作用于完成时中的否定句,表示不应完成但已做的动作

  5.needn’t have v-ed 表示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要,意为“本没必要…”。

  例如:You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today.

  注意:did not need to do 动作并没发生

  例:I didn’t need to get up early,so I got up until 9 a.m.

  *特殊用法

  (1) can‘t表示“不可能”, may not 表示“不可以”, mustn’t(must not) 表示“不许可 禁止”,needn't (need not) 表示“不必”,dare not +动词原形 表示“不敢”

  (2) must表推测 的否定现在式用can’t ,过去式用couldn’t

  (3)May I / we …?这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly;否定回答为Please don’t.或No, you mustn’t. 例如:

  “May we leave now?” “No, you mustn’t. You haven’t finished your home work yet.”

  (4) need I / we …?这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, we must; 否定回答为needn’t

  (5)在回答must引起的问题时,如果是否定的答复,不能用mustn’t,而要用needn’t或don’t have to

  (6)May/might as well may……but….(表转折)

  (7) I wish to go home with you, may I?

  (8) Do help yourself to have fruit, won’t you/ will you? (表示一种委婉的请求)

  *情态动词短语的使用

  would like to do…

  would rather do…

  would rather + 从句

  would prefer to do...

  had better do...

  *情态动词: will(愿意), shall(将), must(必须), can, may, would, should(应该), might, could, ought to, used to(过去常常), need(需要), dare(竟敢),have to(不得不)

  *dare, need 也可作一般(行为)动词

  *情态动词一般用法的否定:

  mustn’t 不准, 禁止,不要 can’t(couldn’t) 不会;不能;

  may (might) not 不可以;

  needn’t 没必要 ( = don’t have to )

  used not/usedn’t to或didn’t use to… 过去不…

  dare not 不敢

  *情态动词推测用法

  Must 一定,肯定 can’t (couldn’t) 不可能

  Can/ could 可能 Can’t (couldn’t) 不可能

  may/ might “可能,也许” May (might) not 也许不,可能不

  *推断用法

  should/ought to“按理应当,应该是; shouldn’t 不应该 ( = ought not to )

  *情态动词+have +done结构表示对过去动作的推测

  1. must have done:对过去的肯定推测,译作“一定做了…”,只能用于肯定句中。

  其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t have done

  It must have rained last night, for the road was quite muddy

  2. can/ could have done:对过去的可能性推测,译作“可能做了…”。只能用疑问句中

  Can/Could he have said it? 他可能说过那种话吗?

  3. may / might have v-ed:对过去的可能性推测,译作“也许能,有可能。

  It’s too late. I think he may have gone to bed.

  *情态动词+have+过去分词结构表示轻微的责备和后悔

  肯定:过去应该做而没有做;

  否定:过去不该(不必)做而做了。

  ⑴ might/could+have+过去分词:“本来可以,早就应该”

  (只用于肯定句,且不能用may, can)

  You could have told me you were going to be late!.你应当早告诉我你会晚到的!

  ⑵ should(ought to)+have+过去分词:“本应”(没做)

  should not(ought not to)+have+过去分词:“本不该”(做了)

  You should not have handed in your composition yesterday morning.你本不应把作文交了。

  You should have been here earlier.你应该早点来才对。

  3. needn't+have+过去分词:“本不必,本不须”(need只用于否定句)(做了)

  You needn't have woken her up. It's only six.你其实不必叫醒她。现在才六点。

  注意:did not need to do 动作并没发生(没做)

  例:I didn’t need to get up early, so I got up until 9 a.m.

  *八大注意点

  1.在以could, might 表示征询对方意见或表示请求时,回答应相应使用can, may

  — Might I watch TV after supper? — Yes, you ________.

  A. may B. must C. might D. can

  2. May I / we …?这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly;否定回答为Please don’t.或No, you mustn’t. 例如:

  “May we leave now?” “No, you mustn’t. You haven’t finished your home work yet.”

  3. need I / we …?这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, we must; 否定回答为needn’t

  4. 在回答must引起的问题时,肯定must; 如果是否定的答复,不能用mustn’t,而要用needn’t或don’t have to

  5. I wish to go home with you, may I?

  6. Do help yourself to have fruit, won’t you/ will you? (表示一种委婉的请求)

  7.Shall 用于第三人称,表示许可,允许

  8. let’s do this job, shall we? Let us do this job, will you?

  9. should 也表示惊讶的语气,

  例如:I was shocked that she should have said such a thing to you.(她竟然对你说那样的话,…)

  *四大特殊结构

  1.may/ might as well + 动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,倒不如”,相当于had better

  You may as well do it at once.

  2.may well + 动词原形”是一种常见的结构,意为“(完全)能,很可能”

  He may well be proud of his son.

  他大可为儿子高兴。

  3. cannot … too / enough 表示 “无论怎么……也不算过分”、“越……越好”

  You cannot be too careful.

  4. had better 最好

  You had better not wake me up when you come in.

  *两大类区别:

  一、表示能力: can, be able to

  be able to 能用于各种时态。

  can / could 只能表示现在或过去的能力

  *was / were able to : “设法做成某事”

  相当于 managed to do sth succeeded in doing sth.

  二、used to 和would 的区别

  used to过去常常(但现在已无此习惯,would无此含义)

  He used to drink beer, now he drinks wine.他过去喝啤酒,现在喝白酒。

  would只能用来谈动作;used to用来谈动作或状态(可与be, live, like, stay等状态动词连用):

  He would get up early when he lived in the country.他住在乡下时总是早起。

  We used to live in a small town.(不能用would)

  Be used to doing sth: 习惯于做某事


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