2017英语专四语法考点:小语法点

2016-05-05 11:40:23来源:网络

2017英语专四语法考点:小语法点

  专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法(省略,时态,反义疑问句,代词,强调句,主谓一致,冠词,形容词及副词)、as的特殊用法。

  一、反义疑问句的考点聚焦:

  1)陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I. I am a student, aren’t I

  2)陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语 I wish to have a word with you, may I?

  3)陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。 Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?

  4) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式It is impossible, isn't it?

  5)must在表示"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。

  He must be a doctor, isn't he?

  You must have studied English for three years, haven't you?

  He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?

  6)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。

  Don't do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / won't you ?

  7) 复合句的反疑疑问句

  A .带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:

  He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?

  B上述部分主句谓语是I /we think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引导的宾语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。 I don't think he is bright, is he?

  二、主谓一致的考点聚焦

  1)“就远原则”“主语+介词短语等”作主语

  在“A +(with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, including, rather than, more than, no less than)+B”结构中,谓语动词的单复数与之B一致。

  2)就近原则neither…nor…, (either)…or…, not only…but also…, not…but…等并列结构作主语时采取就近原则:谓语动词的数由与其最接近的那个主语的数决定。

  3)“a / the number of+复数名词”作主语

  表示“…的数量”的“the number of +复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数;表示“一些 / 许多…”的“a number of +复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

  4). more than one + __/ Many a + ___ / Every A and every B / No A and no B/ one and a half + 谓语动词用单数。

  注意:more 复数名词+than one 用复数,More members than one are against your plan.

  5).并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式。

  注意:整体看待:bread and butter bread and cheese a knife and fork a cart and horse needle and thread law and order fish and chips meat and potatoes

  例如: Truth and honesty is the best policy.

  注意:adj. + and + adj. + 不可数名词/复数名词 + 谓语(复数)

  Eg. Chinese (beer) and French beer are served here.

  6).表达时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值,算式的短语通常接动词的单数形式。

  eg. Five minutes is enough to do this exercise.

  7).如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时, 谓语通常用复数,

  8).由what引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数;但所指的内容是复数意义时,谓语动词通常用复数. Eg. What we need are good textbooks.

  9).people, police, cattle, militia, 是复数名词, 接动词复数形式。Peoples指民族。

  sheep , deer, fish , means, aircraft works单复数同形; clothes +复数动词

  10) All 指人,用复数动词;all指物,用单数动词。

  11). 集合名词指整体时,用单数代词;指由不同的人组成的集合时,用复数代词。

  audience couple family public class crowd government

  staff (全体职员) committee group team crew(船/飞机全体工作人员)company

  12). 书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。

  三、强调句的考点聚焦

  1. 强调句结构: It is/was+被强调部分+that引导的从句

  2. 强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who。

  Was it she who said it like that? 是她那样说的吗?

  3.强调句型的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问+is/was +it+ that/who。“究竟是谁…,到底在哪里……

  What was it that started the big fire in the building? 到底是什么原因引起那栋大楼的大火?

  注意1:当强调not…until结构时,须将not until连用,后面接肯定式。

  It is/was not until+时间+that…,“正是直到……才……”。

  It was not until at that time that I realized what trouble he was in.

  直到那个时候我才意识到他有什么麻烦。

  注意二:强调句和定语从句区分

  It was in the house that he was born.(强) It was the house where he was born.(定)

  区分方法:将句子中的“It was… that( when/ where)…” 结构去掉:

  如若还能成完整的句子,则为强调句;如若不能成完整的句子,则为定语从句。

  四、连词与介词

  考点聚焦一、并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如:and, but, or, nor, so, therefore等。重点:常用的几组并列连词

  1、and组表示联合关系。属于这一组的并列连词还有:both…and, not only…but also, as well as, neither…nor等。如:

  Let’s go and play basketball.我们去打篮球吧。

  2.but组表示转折和对照关系。属于这一组的并列连词还有:however, still, yet ,while, nevertheless。如:

  He hasn’t arrived. He may, however, come later. 他还未到,不过,他可能过会儿来。

  3、or组 表示选择关系。属于这一组的并列连词还有:or else, otherwise, neither…nor, either…or等。如:

  We’ll go early, otherwise we may not get a seat.得早一点去,不然就没有座位了。

  4、so组 表示因果关系的连接词还有:so(that),for, therefore, thus, then等。如:

  He has broken his leg and therefore he can’t walk.他摔伤了腿,因此不能走路。

  考点聚焦二、at, as, to, by, on, in, of, with, like, along, for, over, up, through, across, except, but, besides, beside, near等。

  重点:常用的介词

  1、常见介词by的用法。介词by含义较丰富,主要有:靠,凭借,在……旁边等含义。可有by oneself单独,靠自己;by and by不久以后,不一会儿,连续不断地,立刻;by and large总的说来。

  ★★2、常见介词with引导的复合结构。with的复合结构,也叫with引导的独立主格结构。由with(也可省略)+名词/代词+现在或过去分词/不定式/形容词/介词短语或副词构成。它相当于一个状语从句,表示行为方式/伴随状况/时间/原因或条件。(更口语话)

  with his hand still raised; with a book in his hand( book in hand);

  With him sitting next to her,she felt safe.(he sitting next to her, she felt safe.)

  Eg. He sat at the table, his nose red, collar off, head down, and pen in position。(独立主格)

  3、常见表示时间的on的用法。与时间搭配的介词须注意:在具体某星期几及具体某天的上午、下午和晚上等都用介词on。

  4、常见介词as的用法。as作为介词,可表示“充当,作为,如同”。

  5、常见over的用法。介词over有“在……之上,过之,多于”意思。

  五、形容词、副词考点聚焦

  考点聚焦一、何时形容词后置:

  (1)修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等时,例:

  There is something difficult in this book.

  (2)形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语的时候。例:

  This is a student worth of praise.

  (3)用and或or连接两个形容词通常放在被修饰的名词之后,起强调修饰的作用。例:

  They will turn their motherland into a country, beautiful and modern.

  (4)形容词同表示数量的词组连用时亦放在后面。例:The pipe is twelve feet long.

  考点聚焦二、ly结尾的形容词:名词+ly结尾构成的词常作形容词。

  friendly,lively, lovely,lonely,likely,deadly,silly,orderly, timely等。

  考点聚焦三、同根副词辨析:

  1)close接近地 closely 仔细地,密切地(2)free免费地 freely 自由地,无拘束地

  3)hard 努力地 hardly几乎 (4)late 晚,迟 lately 近来

  5)most 极,非常 mostly 主要地 (6)wide 广阔地 widely 广泛地

  7)high 高 highly 高度地,非常地 8)loud 大声的 loudly大声地(含有喧闹意思)

  9)deep 深,迟 deeply 抽象意义上的“深”(10)near 邻近 nearly 几乎

  考点聚焦四、比较等级的常见句型:

  (1)as+原级+ as(as+原级+a/an+单数可数名词+ as),其否定形式为not as/so+原级+ as

  (2)比较级+than+比较对象(less+原级+比较对象)

  (3)比较级+and+比较对象或more and more +原级

  (4)the+比较级…,the+比较级…

  (5)the+比较级+of the two

  (6)the+最高级(+单数可数名词)+of/among+复数名词或in+单数名词

  (7)be one of/among+ the+最高级+复数名词

  (8)the last+原级(+单数可数名词)+of/among+复数名词或in+单数名词

  考点聚焦五、比较等级的修饰语:

  (1)修饰原级:fairly, quite, rather, so, very, too等。

  (2)修饰比较级:much, even, far, rather, still, any, no(而不用very, quite, fairly,Greatly),a bit, a little, a head, two metres, a great deal. a lot , by far等。

  考点聚焦六、某些以a-开首的形容词只能作表语,不能作定语。

  如:afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake, alive 等

  考点聚焦七、如果复数名词前有many、few,不可数名词前有much、little等表示量的形容词时,该用so而不用such;注意:little不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时,仍用such。

  考点聚焦八、almost与nearly的用法区别:在very, pretty, not后用nearly, 不用almost。在any, no, none, never前用almost, 不用nearly。

  Eg. I'm not nearly ready. I almost never see her.

  ★ 形容词排序:好美小高状其新,彩色国料特别亲

  ★★★特殊结构:

  1.A is to B what / as X is Y ;

  A+倍数或几分之几 as + adj. / adv. + as +B.

  2.inferior, superior, senior, junior, prior +to;

  六、代词的考点聚焦

  考点一、both, all, either, any, neither, none的用法比较

  两者 both(两者都) either(任何一个) neither(两者都不)

  三者或三者以上 all (都) any (任何) none ( 都不)

  考点二、none(of), no one (nobody), nothing的用法比较

  考点三、every, each的用法比较

  Each:两者或两者以上/ Every:三者或三者以上

  考点四、another, other, the other, others, the others

  another用于泛指三者以上中的“另一个”

  other作前置定语,修饰单数或复数名词

  the other两者中的“另一个”,是特指

  others泛指“其他人”或“其他物”= other + 名复

  the others指整体中除去一部分后,剩余的全部

  考点五、it, one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those

  It:表同类同物表单数

  one :表同类但不同物,表单数,可用形容词修饰,泛指

  ones:表同类但不同物,表复数,可用形容词修饰,泛指

  the one :表同类但不同物,表特指,表单数

  that:表同类但不同物, 指代单数或不可数

  the ones / those:表同类不同物,表特指,表复数


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