2017英语专业八级阅读理解练习（15）

2017英语专业八级阅读理解练习（15）

　　Even if they produced no other positive result, the attacks on the London Underground have compelled Europeans of all faiths to think with new urgency about the Continent's Muslim minority. Such a

　　reckoning was long overdue. Some left-wing politicians, like London's mayor, Ken Livingstone, have chosen to emphasize the proximate causes of Muslim anger, focusing on the outrage widely felt in Islamic immigrant communities over the war in Iraq and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. But the harsh reality is that the crisis in relations between the European mainstream and the Islamic diaspora has far deeper roots, consoling as it might be to pretend otherwise. Indeed, the news could scarcely be worse. What Europeans are

　　waking up to is a difficult truth: the immigrants who perform the Continent's menial jobs, and, as is often forgotten, began coming to Europe in the 1950's because European governments and businesses encouraged their mass migration, are profoundly alienated from

　　European society for reasons that have little to do with the Middle East and everything to do with Europe. This alienation is cultural, historical and above all religious, as much if not more than it is political. Immigrants who were drawn to Europe because of the

　　Continent's economic success are in rebellion against the cultural, social and even psychological sources of that success.

　　In a sense, Europe's bad fortune is that Islam is in crisis.

　　Imagine that Mexican Catholicism was in a similar state, and that a powerful, well-financed minority of anti-modem purists was doing its most successful proselytizing among Mexican immigrants in places like Los Angeles, Phoenix and Chicago, above all among the discontented, underemployed youth of the barrios. The predictable, perhaps even the inevitable, result would be the same sort of estrangement between Hispanics and the American mainstream.

　　Whatever the roots of the present troubles, what is undeniable is that many immigrant Muslims and their children remain unreconciled to their situation in Europe. Some find their traditional religious values scorned, while others find themselves alienated by the

　　independence of women, with all its implications for the future of the "traditional" Muslim family. In response, many have turned to the most obscurantist interpretation of the Islamic faith as a salve. At the fringes of the diaspora, some have turned to violence.

　　So far, at least, neither the carrot nor the stick has worked. Politicians talk of tighter immigration controls. Yet the reality is that a Europe in demographic freefall needs more, not fewer, immigrants if it is to maintain its prosperity. Tony Blair just

　　proposed new laws allowing the deportation of radical mullahs and the shutting of mosques and other sites associated with Islamic extremism. But given the sheer size of the Muslim population in England and

　　throughout the rest of Europe, the security services are always going to be playing catch-up. Working together, and in a much more favorable political and security context, French and Spanish

　　authorities have, after more than 20 years, been unable to put an end to the terrorism of the Basque separatist group ETA. And there are at least twice as many Muslims in France as there are Basques in Spain. At the same time, it is difficult to see how the extremists' grievances can ever be placated by conciliatory gestures. It is doubtful that the British government's proposed ban on blasphemy against Islam and other religions will have a demonstrable effect. (What would have happened to Salman Rushdie had such a ban been in

　　force when "The Satanic Verses" was published?) Meanwhile, the French government has tried to create an "official" state-sanctioned French Islam. This approach may be worth the effort, but the chances of

　　success are uncertain. It will require the enthusiastic participation of an Islamic religious establishment whose influence over

　　disaffected youth is unclear. What seems clearer is that European governments have very little time and nowhere near enough knowledge about which members of the Islamic community really are "preachers of hate" and which, however unpalatable their views, are part of the immigrant mainstream.

　　The multicultural fantasy in Europe—-its eclipse can be seen most poignantly in Holland, that most self-definedly liberal of all

　　European countries—was that, in due course, assuming that the proper resources were committed and benevolence deployed, Islamic and other immigrants would eventually become liberals. As it's said, they would come to "accept" the values of their new countries. It was never

　　clear how this vision was supposed to coexist with multiculturalism's other main assumption, which was that group identity should be maintained. But by now that question is largely academic: the

　　European vision of multiculturalism, in all its simultaneous good will and self-congratulation, is no longer sustainable. And most Europeans know it. What they don't know is what to do next. If the broad-brush anti-Muslim discourse of Jean-Marie Le Pen's National Front in France or the Vlaams Belang Party in Belgium entered the political mainstream, it would only turn the Islamic diaspora in Europe into the fifth column that, for the moment, it is certainly not. But Europeans can hardly accept an immigrant veto over their own mores, whether those mores involve women's rights or, for that matter, the right to blaspheme, which the Dutch filmmaker Theo van Gogh so bravely asserted—and died for.

　　Figuring out how to prevent Europe's multicultural reality from becoming a war of all against all is the challenge that confronts the Continent. It makes all of Europe's other problems, from the economy to the euro to the sclerosis of social democracy, seem trivial by comparison. Unfortunately, unlike those challenges, this one is existential and urgent and has no obvious answers.

　　11、 According to the passage, which of the following is the major cause for the attacks on the London Underground?

　　A. The anger among Islamic immigrants over the Iraqi War. B. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

　　C. The Islamic alienation from European society. D. The Islamic diaspora.

　　12、 According to the passage, which of the following is the major lesson learned from the attacks on the London Underground?

　　A. The government should propose new laws stopping the Islamic diaspora.

　　B. The British army should pull out from the Iraqi war. C. The government should guard against the Islamic bombers.

　　D. Europeans should draw their attention to the Muslim minority.

　　13、 The situation of the Muslims in Europe is what the following state except ______.

　　A. Their own religion is looked down upon.

　　B. They are satisfied with the economic success.

　　C. They are alienated in culture, history and religion.

　　D. The independence of women has an impact on the future of their family.

　　14、 The following are the measures mentioned in the passage to the solution of the Islamic problems except ______. A. Tighter immigration laws should be proposed.

　　B. Tougher measures like the deportation of radical mullahs should be taken.

　　C. The ban on blasphemy against Islam is proposed.

　　D. The security of the Middle East should be maintained.

　　15、 Which of the following is NOT true about multiculturalism in Europe?

　　A. Multiculturalism might become a war of all against all.

　　B. Islamic and other immigrants will become liberals in Holland. C. Group identity should be maintained in multiculturalism. D. Multiculturalism fails to exist in Europe.

　　参考答案

　　11、C

　　由第一段和第二段可知，伦敦地铁袭击事件发生的主要原因是伊斯兰移民与欧洲主流社会的紧张关系，故选项C为正确答案。

　　12、D

　　由第一段可知，伦敦地铁袭击事件带来的积极结果就是迫使欧洲人思考穆斯林移民问题，也就是关注穆斯林民族(D)。虽然政府可以提议新的法律停止伊斯兰移民，但这也不现实，因为欧洲国家需要大量移民，所以选项A不对。选项B和C看似都有道理，但文章并未提及。故D为正确答案。

　　13、B

　　由第二段可知，穆斯林在欧洲的境况表现为，宗教信仰被人蔑视(A)，在文化、历史和宗教等方面与欧洲主流社会疏远(C)，妇女独立的思想会对他们未来的家庭产生影响(D)，文章并未提及他们是否满足于经济的成功，所以选项B与原文不符，故为正确答案。

　　14、D

　　文章第五段和第六段提到了解决欧洲穆斯林问题的办法，选项A、B和C都被提及，故排除;因为D没有提及，所以应为正确答案。

　　15、B

　　第七段和第八段谈到了欧洲的多元文化问题。作者认为，目前欧洲面临的挑战就是预防多元文化变成一场战争，也就是说，多元文化有可能发展成一场战争(A);荷兰的多元文化已经失败，伊斯兰移民不可能成为自由主义者，所以选项B与原文不符，应为正确答案;多元文化应保留群体的身份(C);欧洲的多元文化已无法持续下去(D)。

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