2017英语专八阅读100篇高级篇附答案解析（79）

2017英语专八阅读100篇高级篇附答案解析（79）

　　Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstancesthat encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughlyinvestigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditionthat affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzedless fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities duringthe same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the UnitedState have been obscured because, even when historians did take into accountthose feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, theyfailed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movementactually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been describedas “solitary” and “individual theorists” were in reality connected to amovement — utopian socialism — which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the twodecades that culminated in the first women’s rights conference held at SenecaFalls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins anddevelopment of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires thatthe geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed studyalready made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideologicaldevelopment of feminism.

　　The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were theSaint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has,however, been less studied than the group’s contribution to early socialism.This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern ofSaint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents’ energy; hence, by ignoring itsfeminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover,since many feminist ideas can be traced to saint-simonianism Europeanhistorians’ appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remainedlimited.

　　Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on aninterpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute forcewith the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled togetherby a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. Thiscomplementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did notreject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women,they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role forboth sexes in their utopia.

　　Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality basedon gender distinction. This minority believe that individuals of both sexeswere born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-femaledifferences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of bothcurrents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the newage and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improvedway of life.

　　1. It can be inferred that the author consider those historians whodescribe early feminists in the United States as “solitary” to be

　　[A] insufficiently familiar with the international origins ofnineteenth-century American feminist thought.

　　[B] overly concerned with the regional diversity of feminist ideas in theperiod before 1848.

　　[C] not focused narrowly enough in their geographical scope.

　　[D] insufficiently aware of the ideological consequences of the SenecaFalls conference.

　　2. The author’s attitude toward European historians who have studied theSaint-Simonians is primarily one of

　　[A] approval of the specific focus of their research.

　　[B] disapproval of their lack of attention to the issue that absorbedmost of the Saint-Simonians’ energy after 1832.

　　[C] approval of their general focus on social conditions.

　　[D] disapproval of their lack of attention to links between theSaint-Simonians and their American counterparts.

　　3. The author mentions all of the following as characteristic of theSaint-Simonians EXCEPT

　　[A] The group included many women among its members.

　　[B] The group believed in a world that would be characterized by sexualequality.

　　[C] The group was among the earliest European socialist groups.

　　[D] Most members believed that women and men were inherently similar inability and character.

　　4. It can be inferred from the text that the Saint-Simonians envisioned autopian society having which of the following characteristics?

　　[A] It would be worldwide.

　　[B] It would emphasize dogmatic religious principles.

　　[C] It would most influence the United States.

　　[D] It would have armies composed of women rather than of men.

　　5. According to the text, which of the following would be the mostaccurate description of the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians?

　　[A] A society in which women were highly regarded for their extensiveeducation.

　　[B] A society in which the two genders played complementary roles and hadequal status.

　　[C] A society in which women did not enter public life.

　　[D] A social order in which a body of men and women would rule togetheron the basis of their spiritual power.

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