2018英语专业四级完型填空练习及答案(四)

　　Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this (36), every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.

　　To the professional anthropologist (人类学家), there is no intrinsic(37)of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy(等级制度) among languages.

　　People once thought of the languages of backward groups as (38) and undeveloped forms of speech,consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of 　grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the(39)of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or(40 )structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which41the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however,two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to(42)the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in"backward" languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly(43)and complicated.

　　This study of language, in turn, (44)a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed(45), and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.

　　A. savage

　　B. superiority

　　C. conceive

　　D. transfer

　　E. identification

　　F.grammatical

　　G. reflect

　　H. reveals

　　I. numerous

　　J . independently

　　K. exclusive

　　L. casts

　　M. sense

　　N. confidentially

　　O. possess

　　答案：

　　36.M

　　语法判断：分析句子结构可知，该空后面是一个完整的句子，初步判断介词短语inthis——在句中作状语。分析此短语可知，inthis后缺少一个单数名词。

　　语义判断：符合上述语法条件的单词有superiority、transfer、identification、sense四项，而这些名词中可以与inthis构成介词短语的只有sense，inthis sense意为“从这个意义上讲”，符合此处文意，故选M。

　　37.B

　　语法判断：分析句子结构可知，该空缺少一个单数名词，一则因为前面的谓语是系动词is，二则因为前面的形容词no是用来修饰名词的。

　　语义判断：符合上述语法条件的单词有三个：superiority意为“优越性”，transfer意为“转移;转换”，identification意为“鉴别;身份证明”。本句的大意是“没有哪种文化在本质上比另一种优越”，因此，只有superiority符合文意。

　　38.A

　　语法判断：分析句子结构可知，该空缺少一个形容词，与并列的形容词undeveloped共同修饰后面的名词forms。

　　语义判断：符合上述语法条件的形容词有四个：savage意为“野蛮的”，9rammatical意为“语法的”，numerous意为“许多的”，exclusive意为“单独的”。把这四项代入原文后可知savage比较贴合文意。

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