2018专四语法考点：虚拟语气

2018专四语法考点：虚拟语气

　　专四语法是2018英语专四考生复习初期首先要打好基础的部分，因为英语语法贯穿于整个英语专四考试中，尤其是应用于专四完形填空及专四语言知识题型，下面新东方在线英语专四频道为大家介绍2018专四语法考点。

2018专四语法考点总结

　　英语虚拟语气用法解说(详细)

　　 英语语气的概念

　　英语有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等，祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等，虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望。如：

　　I like this book the best. 我最喜欢这本书。(陈述语气)

　　Don’t be so careless. 不要如此粗心大意。(祈使语气)

　　I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。(虚拟语气)

　　If you dropped the glass, it would break. 假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上，它会打碎的。(虚拟语气)

　　虚拟语气用于强调怀疑或不可能，动作只在讲话人想象的“假设”中发生，而不是存在的客观事实。例如：If he came here, I would ask him.表示“万一他来，我会问他”，但估计他不一定会来。在这种情况下，谓语动词都要使用虚拟语气。这种语气常用在条件从句、让步从句和名词性从句中。在历年英语专业四级的语法考题中都包含了对虚拟语气的测试，考生应该对此部分予以高度的重视。

　　一般说来，有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点)

　　考点1. 与现在事实相反

　　从句谓语动词用did(be用were)，

　　主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do;

　　考点2. 与过去事实相反

　　从句谓语动词用had done，

　　主句谓语动词用 would(should,could,might)+ have done;

　　例如：

　　43.I _________the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.

　　A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed

　　C. would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying

　　49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there.

　　A. weren’t B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. wouldn’t

　　考点3.与将来事实相反，

　　从句谓语动词用：did(should+do或were + to do)，

　　主句谓语动词用：would(should,could,might)+do。

　　例如：

　　43. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年)

　　• A. shall need C. would need

　　• B. should need D. will need

　　考点4. 时态的交叉现象，也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段

　　例如：

　　If you had gone to see the doctor，you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。

　　考点5.虚拟条件句if可以省略，但从句的语序要用到装，即将were,had或 should移至主语的前面形成倒装，但否定词not不前移。

　　例如：

　　65.___, he would not have recovered so quickly.(05年)

　　• A. Hadn't he been taken good care of

　　• B. Had he not been taken good care of

　　• C. Had not he been taken good care of

　　• D. Had he been not taken good care of

　　考点6. insist(一个坚持);order command(两道命令);suggest， advise, propose(三条建议);ask, require, request, demand(四点要求) 及相应的名词的从句，谓语要使用：should+动词原形或动词原形

　　例如：

　　58. It was recommended that passengers ___ smoke during the flight.(04年)

　　• A. not B. need not C. could not D. would not

　　考点7.It is +advisable, essential important,, imperative, incredible,等等相关的从句，谓语要使用：should+动词原形或动词原形

　　例如：

　　46.It is imperative that students ____ their term papers on time.(04年)

　　• A. hand in B. would hand in 

　　• C. have to hand in D. handed in

　　考点8.it is high(about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式

　　例如:

　　54 It’s high time we __ cutting down the rainforests.(06年)

　　A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop

　　考点9.much as尽管，虽然，引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done表示假设，可以是说话人的语气变得十分委婉，真诚。

　　例如：

　　52. Much as ____, I couldn’t lend him the money because I simply didn’t have that much spare cash.(99年)

　　A.I would have liked to B.I would like to have

　　C.I should have to like D.I should have liked to

　　考点10. if only表示要是…就好了相当 与wish, as if/as though 的用法。

　　与现在事实相反：动词过去式

　　与过去事实相反: had + done

　　与将来事实相反： could/would + do

　　例如：

　　52. If only I __play the guitar as well as you! (06 年)

　　A would B could C should D might

　　备考1. would rather或would sooner后跟宾语从句，从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟，表示“宁愿某人作某事”

　　例如：

　　The manager would rather his daughter ____ in the same office now.

　　A.had not worked B.not to work

　　C.does not work D.did not work

　　备考2.用于lest,for fear that引导的状语从句。在lest, for fear that等引导的状语从句中，通常用"(should +)原形动词"这一虚拟语气形式

　　例如：

　　The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ________ himself.

　　A.injure B.had injured C.injured D.would injure

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