2018专八听力讲座解题四大原则

2018专八听力讲座解题四大原则

　　1、首尾原则 众所周知，绝大多数讲座的行文方式都是由教授开门见山地讲述通篇的主旨，所以针对主旨题必须听明白的就是首段了。结尾方式则比较多样化，时而首尾呼应，时而深化主题，甚至有的时候会出现一些和开始不一致或者相反的结论，这时主旨题的正确选项则应该从结尾处对应获得。

　　1. What is the lecture mainly about?

　　A. Different kinds of color vision in sea animals.

　　B. Differences in appearance between various species of octopus.

　　C. Ways that octopuses attract their prey.

　　D. Ways that octopuses protect themselves from predators.

　　文章开头教授说的第一句话OK, now I want to talk about an animal that has a fascinating set of defense mechanisms. And that’s the octopus, one of the unusual creatures that live in the sea. The octopus is prey to many species, including humans, so how does it escape its predators? 直接明了地介绍了主旨。而结尾处的Even Proteus would be impressed, I think. 也就完美对应了D选项。而其它选项均和防御机制完全没有关系，自然无法选择成为正确选项。

　　2、顺序原则 一般来讲，如果听到类似基数词“one, two, three”，或者序数词“first, second, third”，亦或像逻辑顺序词“to start off, to begin with, and, another, also, something else”。还有“yet another, last but not least, that’s when the concept of X comes into the picture”之类的信息，那么这篇讲座的结构一般就可以被轻松地定性为是“总分结构”，而且考生应该了解，所有上述的提示词之后必定会出现一个分论点，必须做记录，因为对应会考查细节题。

　　2. What does the professor say about the function of the papillae?

　　A. They produce dye in different colors.

　　B. They propel the octopus through the water.

　　C. They change the texture of the octopus’ skin.

　　D. They help the octopus contract into a smaller shape.

　　当老师谈论完章鱼的第一点特征后，马上又说So, that’s how octopus mimic colors, but they don’t just mimic the colors in their environment. They can also mimic the texture of objects in their environment. They have these little projections on their skin that allow them to resemble various textures. The projections are called papillae.于是我们就知道第二点信息是讲皮肤质地，而且是和章鱼身上的一种凸起的结构papillae相关的，所以答案自然应该选C。而A选项里面的dye染色剂是在第一段讲述章鱼变化颜色的时候提及的，B选项里面的propel推动章鱼前行则和本文重点章鱼的变形无关，最后的D选项中讲述大小和形状，也与此段无关。

　　3、定义原则 一旦文章当中出现了针对某个词或者某个概念的定义性解释，那么这个被解释的词或者概念一定我们笔记的重中之重。因为这个词对于大多数考生来说往往是一个完全陌生的概念，而且对这个词的理解程度很可能会直接影响我们对整篇文章的理解程度，因为文章的其它部分或许就是因为这个概念而展开的。很多推断题就是基于某个定义而考查的。

　　3. Why does the professor first mention Proteus?

　　A. To explain how the octopus got its scientific name.

　　B. To introduce the octopus’ exceptional abilities.

　　C. To point out that the octopus played an important role in Greek mythology.

　　D. To provide an example of a mythological character that was part animal and part human.

　　当教授为神话人物下定义的时候，说到Proteus was a God in Greek mythology who could change form. He could make himself look like a lion or a stone or a tree, anything you wanted, and he could go through a whole series of changes very quickly. Well, the octopus is the real world version of Proteus.其实是为了帮助学生认识章鱼的百变能力，所以选B就显得非常轻而易举。而A选项里面的scientific科学名字和原文里的mythology神话人物可以说是截然相反，C选项里面的章鱼和希腊神话本身无关，只是功能和Proteus相似而已，而D选项里面的半人半兽则和原文信息中说他可以时而是人样，时而变兽形，有很大出入。

　　4、举例原则 平时生活中我们举例子的目的就是为了用一个具体的实例去解释抽象的概念，在托福听力中也不例外。那么大家除了要听到“for instance, let’s take X as an example”这类短语，还要留意诸如“say, it can, one typical” 这类词，而且一定要知道这些实际的例子到底是为了解释哪个抽象的概念才存在的，也就是说，一定要找出分论点和细节之间的对应关系，切勿犯了张冠李戴的错误。题目方面可以设置成：在题干中给出分论点，要求选出对应细节的细节题;也可以设置成，在题干中给出细节，要求选出对应分论点的组织结构题。

　　4. What two examples does the professor mention to describe the octopus’ ability to change its shape? Click on 2 answers

　　A. A small round stone

　　B. The leaves of a plant

　　C. A cloud of ink

　　D. A piece of coral

　　当讲座进入到最后阶段，也就是第三种特征时，我们听到The muscular system of the octopus enables it to be very flexible to assume all sorts of shapes and postures. So it can contract into the shape of a little round stone, and sit perfectly still on the seafloor. Or it can nestle up in the middle of a plant and take the shape of one of the leaves.两个例子一旦记下来就知道答应必为AB。而C选项里面的ink是在前面一段讲到章鱼逃脱时使用的一种方法，和变形无关，D里面的coral珊瑚礁则在文章中根本没有提及，可谓无中生有。

　　知道你们放暑假了正在家吹着空调或四处旅行high翻天ing

　　but!英语专业三年级的大学生们明年3月你们可是必须要过英语专八的哇

　　都说：过英语专八简直难于上“青天”

　　站队!站队!你是下面四类星球的专八er吗?

　没有关系 是的话也无所谓啦

　　因为你们完全可以轻松过级 so easy

　　为啥?why?

　　送你们一个蜜汁微笑

　　戳这里啦!(只需点击这个)

　　相信我 说不定是拯救你一生的重要决定哦!

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