2018英语专业八级阅读推理引申题解析

2018英语专业八级阅读推理引申题解析

　　英语专业八级阅读理解题型中，推理引申题(推理判断题)主要考查同学对段落中心的掌握。"吾将上下而求索"，通过对英语专八历年真题的研究，发现段落中心也有其出现的基本位置及其相应的特点，共分为三种：1.段首句;2.段首段中;3.段落首末句。

　　一、段首句作为段落论点

　　段首句作为段落论点，其特点是段首句为论点，后面句子内容为论据，论据用来证明论点，支撑论点。初高中语文阅读理解及议论文作文的写作中，同学学到的事实论据，引用名家名言，名人观点等论据同样适用于英语议论文。段落里出现的论据形式通常为数字论据;表示已经存在，已经发生事情的事实论据和引用他人观点的名家名言论据。段落推断题的答案选项即为段落中心句的同意替换。

　　例，And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.

　　首句之后，由this week 时间词引出了斯洛伐克想要派兵争夺大坝，直至末句说斯洛伐克为证明自己实力，需要占有大坝。自首句之后，余下内容一直在论述一个真实存在的事实，属于事实论据，证明段落首句"控制水仍在继续"。

　　段首句作为段落论点的情况最常见，频率也最高。其特点概括为：段落首句是论点，段落论据是论证，论点论据不可分。

　　二、段首段中作为段落论点

　　段落首句是论点，段落中间出现由But,However等转折词引导的句子，两者结合起来共同作为段落中心论点。转折句引出的论点通常作为段首首句的补充，扩充，延续说明及重点强调部分，所以做这类推理判断题，一定要将段首论点和段中转折提出的论点结合到一起，才能做到对段落中心把握到位，把握精准。

　　例，The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia -- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part -- other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.

　　段首句是论点，因为其后的句子，由some...other...,结构讲述人们对论点持有不同意见，所以，这一法案的重要性还需要时间被理解。段中出现由But引导的转折句，引出观点安乐死之潮流不可逆转，根据段首论点，进一步提出另一个论点。

　　段首段中作为段落论点的特点为：段落首句是论点，段中转折是论点，首论中论相辅相成。

　　三、段落首末句作为段落论点

　　段落首末句作为段落论点。需要同学注意的是，寻找段落中心位置时的优先顺序，首先读段首句，发现存在证明首句论点的论据时，确定段首是论点。其次，看段中有没有转折，如果没有，再看末句，看是否是首句论点的进一步延伸或补充论点。

　　例，Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. "As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep.

　　段落首句是论点，反推可知，其后紧跟的句子是乔治说的两句话，论据为名人观点，加之论述上周公司情况，这一事实论据。末句引出开放资源存在风险，很难判断信息的正误，好坏---这也正是公司安身立命之处。末句根据首句论点"信息的收集与发布的工具"，进一步提出"判断这些信息正误好坏"的论点。

　　推理引申题的解题，最好是首先依照优先顺序找准段落中心句，根据同意替换，选出正确选项，同学们在平时练习中，要有这种意识，有意识地去段落三个基本位置找中心句，选出同意替换句。

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