2018英语专四语言知识题必备知识点：宾语从句的引导词

2017-10-17 17:40:44来源：网络

2018英语专四语言知识题必备知识点：宾语从句的引导词

　　英语的从句包括主语从句、表语从句、状语从句、定语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句等。根据从句部分在句子里不同的表情达意作用，又可细分为更多类型，如状语从句包含表示原因的原因状语从句、表示时间概念的时间状语从句、表示假设的条件状语从句;根据从句语义的重要性和语气的强弱又可进一步细分，比如定语从句可细分为限定性定语从句(此时从句含义与主句紧密相关)以及非限定性定语从句(此时从句含义与主句联系不紧密，仅起到补充说明作用)。综上所述，各种从句都有各自常用的引导词，如限定性定语从句常用that引导，非限定性定语从句常用which引导，条件状语从句常用if引导，主语从句常用what引导等。考生应该根据上述从句分类，搞清常用的引导词的用法。

　　名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。

　　1. 作动词的宾语:

　　1). 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略, 例如：

　　He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

　　We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。

　　I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。

　　Experts think that Shakespeare himself acted at the theatre. 专家认为莎士比亚本人是在戏剧中担任角色的。

　　Speaking to the BBC, he said that an Oscar nomination "would be so exciting".

　　他向BBC说奥斯卡的提名是令人激动人心的。

　　However, President Obama continued to say that America would respond to the challenges.

　　可是,奥巴马总统继续说美国将对这次挑战做出反应。

　　The mayor of Derry, Gerard Diver, thought the events were extremely important, not just for the Chinese community, but to everyone in Derry.

　　得瑞的市长Derard Diver认为这些事件是特别重要,不仅仅是对中国的社区,而且对得瑞的每一个人都很重要。

　　People are determined to welcome the Niu Year in style and hope the Year of the Ox will bring prosperity through fortitude and hard work.

　　人们坚定地去迎接牛年的到来，并且希望在牛年通过他们的艰苦的工作将给他们带来繁荣。

　　We think it is the most perfect heart-shaped island in the world.

　　我们认为它将是世界上最完美的像心形状的岛屿。

　　Well, today I have to say 'spring is in the air' - which means there is a feeling around us that spring is coming

　　好吧，今天我要说春意盎然，那将意为我们有一种感觉那就是春天来了。

　　2). 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：

　　She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生什么事了。

　　I wonder whether you can change this note for me.

　　我想知道是否你能为我换开这张钞票。

　　After such a stirring speech, the world waits to see if America’s new president’s actions will match his lofty words and ideals.

　　在聆听美国总统激动人心的演讲之后，世人将试目以待是否美国的新总统将言行一致。

　　3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.她告诉我她将接受邀请。

　　2. 作介词的宾语例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功将取决与我们是否能合作的成功。

　　3. 作形容词的宾语

　　例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已犯了错误。

　　That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：

　　Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。

　　注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。例如：

　　I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。

　　The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。

　　2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：

　　I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。

　　She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

　　She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。

　　3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。

　　此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：

　　a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;b. 引导表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后有“or not”时;e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：

　　Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。

　　The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test.