2018专八语言知识练习题及答案解析（七）

2018专八语言知识练习题及答案解析（七）

2018专八语言知识练习题及答案解析汇总

　　Cells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of temperature and much narrower limits mark the boundaries of effective functioning. Enzyme systems of mammals and birds are most efficient only with a narrow range around 37℃; a departure of a few degrees from this value serious impairs their functioning.(1)____(2) ____ Even though cells can survive wider fluctuations the integrated actions of bodily systems are impaired. Other animals have a wide tolerance for changes of bodily temperature.(4)____

　　For century it has been recognized that mammals and birds differ other animals in the way they regulate body temperature.(4)____(5)____ Ways of characterizing the difference have become more accurate and meaningful over time, but popular terminology still reflects an old division into " warm-blooded" and " cold-blooded" species; warm-blooded included mammals and birds whereas all other creatures were considered cold-blooded.(6)____ As more species were studied, it became evident that this classification was adequate.(7)____ A cold-blooded fence lizard usually has a body temperature only a degree or two below those of humans and so is not cold.(8)____ Therefore the next distinction was taken between animals that maintain a constant body temperature, called homeotherms, and those whose body temperature varies with their environments, called poikilotherms.(9)____ But this classification was also proved inadequate, because among mammals there are many that vary their body temperatures during hibernation.(10)____Furthermore, many invertebrates that live in the depths of the ocean never experience change in the depths of the ocean, and their body temperatures remain constant.

　　文章大意

　　本文讨论的是细胞与温度。动物的存活和活动程度受外界温度的影响。哺乳动物和鸟类通常被称为暖血动物，他们的活动能力受外界温度的影响较大，而其他动物被称为冷血动物，它们受外界温度的影响较小。随着对更多物种的进一步研究，我们发现暖血动物和冷血动物的划分是不准确的，于是进而又提出了恒温动物和变温动物的划分，但这一划分也不尽完善。

　　答案详解

　　1.with→within词汇错误。range(范围)一词前用within，表示“在某个范围内”，符合文中意思，而with表示“拥有”或“伴随”的意思，不符合此处要表达的意思。

　　2.serious→seriously语法错误。serious是形容词，不能修饰动词impair，应改用其副词形式seriously。

　　3.wide→wider语篇错误。根据上下文，此句意为“(与哺乳动物和鸟类相比)其他动物对体温变化的容忍度大一些。”前后句之间有比较的意味，所以应该用比较级wider，表示对比。

　　4.century→centuries词汇错误。For centuries是固定短语.意为“几个世纪以来”。

　　5.differ∧→from词汇错误。differ from足固定搭配，意为“与……不同，区别于……”。

　　6.an—the词汇错误。此处是特指过去对动物的一种划分方法，即把动物划分为暖血动物和冷血动物，故应用定冠词。

　　7.adequate→inadequate语篇错误。根据上下文，随着对更多物种的研究，我们发现原来对暖血动物和冷血动物的划分是不充分的(inadequate)。比如有的动物，体温只比人类低一到两度，而被划为冷血动物，就是不恰当的。故此处应改为inadequate，符合文意。

　　8.those→that语法错误。此处对比的对象是a body temperature，是一个单数形式的名词，而且通过常识，我们知道人类的身体常温都是相同的，因此应该用单数概念的代词that。

　　9.taken→made词汇错误。distinction通常和动词make搭配，意为“区分，区别”。

　　10. was→was词汇错误。prove在表示“证明是，原来是”这一意思时，通常用在prove to be这一结构中，其中to be可以省略。例如：The rumor proved (to be) true.这谣传证明是真的。

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