2018英语专四语言知识高频语法点详解：定语从句

2018英语专四语言知识高频语法点详解：定语从句

2018英语专四语言知识高频语法点详解汇总

　　定语从句可以分为限定性定语从句(紧跟先行词，与先行词之间不用逗号隔开)和非限定性定语从句(与先行词或主句间有逗号隔开，修饰先行词、整个主句或主句的一部分，仅起补充说明作用，若去掉，主句意思依然完整)。定语从句的常见考点有：

　　·定语从句和同位语从句的区别：两者的区别在于定语从句的关系词在从句中充当一个成分，而同位语从句的连接词在从句中不充当成分。例如：

　　The news that we heard is not true.(定语从句)

　　The news that he won the prize is not true.(同位语从句)

　　·定语从句与状语从句的区别：两者的区别在于定语从句是修饰其先行词的，而状语从句是修饰主句的谓语动词或整个主句，在主句中充当状语。例如：

　　He found the books where he had put them.(状语从句)

　　He found the books in the place where he had put them.(定语从句)

　　·定语从句与强调句的区别：区别两者的方法是强调句去掉It is/was...that...后仍然是一个语法结构和语义都完整的句子，而定语从句在去掉It is/was和从句的关系词后句子结构不完整。例如：

　　It is the place where they lived before.(定语从句)

　　It is in the place that they lived before.(强调句)

　　·定语从句中的先行词：先行词是定语从句中关系词前面的名词。定语从句一定要有先行词。例如：

　　Is this book the one that you bought yesterday?(先行词为the one)

　　Is this the book that you bought yesterday?(先行词为the book)

　　·定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性：定语从句的谓语动词和先行词保持主谓一致;当先行词为one of+名词复数时，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;当先行词为the only one of+名词复数时，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数。例如：

　　He is the only one of the students who was here just now.

　　He is one of the students who were here just now.

　　·定语从句的关系词：关系词指引导定语从句的关联词，包括关系代词和关系副词。

　　a)that指物，有时也可以指人;which指物，不能指人。只能用that而不能用which的情况有：

　　先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时;

　　先行词前有next,last,very,any,little,no等修饰时;

　　先行词是all,much,little,none等时;

　　先行词是不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything时。

　　b)先行词是人+物时，关系词要用that而不用which/who。例如：

　　He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.

　　(正)

　　He talked about some writers and books which/who were unknown to us all.(误)

　　c)先行词本身是that时，一般用which引导定语从句。例如：

　　The predicate is that which is said of the subject.

　　d)在who开头的疑问句中，若要用关系代词引导定语从句，则用that。例如：

　　Who is the girl that is singing in the hall?

　　e)当关系词后面有插入语时，用which引导定语从句。例如：

　　Here is the English grammar book which,as Ihave told you,will help to improve your English.

　　f)which可以引导非限定性定语从句，也可以放在介词后面，that则不能。例如：

　　The room in which she lives is alarge one.

　　g)as引导定语从句，可以指代整个主句，位置可以在主句前，也可以在主句后。which指代整个主句，只能放在主句后。例如：

　　As might be expected,the response to the question was very mixed.

　　The response to the question was very mixed,as/which might be expected.

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