2018英语专四语言知识高频语法点详解:定语从句

2018-03-21 17:31:42来源:网络

2018英语专四语言知识高频语法点详解:定语从句

2018英语专四语言知识高频语法点详解汇总

  定语从句可以分为限定性定语从句(紧跟先行词,与先行词之间不用逗号隔开)和非限定性定语从句(与先行词或主句间有逗号隔开,修饰先行词、整个主句或主句的一部分,仅起补充说明作用,若去掉,主句意思依然完整)。定语从句的常见考点有:

  ·定语从句和同位语从句的区别:两者的区别在于定语从句的关系词在从句中充当一个成分,而同位语从句的连接词在从句中不充当成分。例如:

  The news that we heard is not true.(定语从句)

  The news that he won the prize is not true.(同位语从句)

  ·定语从句与状语从句的区别:两者的区别在于定语从句是修饰其先行词的,而状语从句是修饰主句的谓语动词或整个主句,在主句中充当状语。例如:

  He found the books where he had put them.(状语从句)

  He found the books in the place where he had put them.(定语从句)

  ·定语从句与强调句的区别:区别两者的方法是强调句去掉It is/was...that...后仍然是一个语法结构和语义都完整的句子,而定语从句在去掉It is/was和从句的关系词后句子结构不完整。例如:

  It is the place where they lived before.(定语从句)

  It is in the place that they lived before.(强调句)

  ·定语从句中的先行词:先行词是定语从句中关系词前面的名词。定语从句一定要有先行词。例如:

  Is this book the one that you bought yesterday?(先行词为the one)

  Is this the book that you bought yesterday?(先行词为the book)

  ·定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性:定语从句的谓语动词和先行词保持主谓一致;当先行词为one of+名词复数时,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;当先行词为the only one of+名词复数时,定语从句的谓语动词要用单数。例如:

  He is the only one of the students who was here just now.

  He is one of the students who were here just now.

  ·定语从句的关系词:关系词指引导定语从句的关联词,包括关系代词和关系副词。

  a)that指物,有时也可以指人;which指物,不能指人。只能用that而不能用which的情况有:

  先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时;

  先行词前有next,last,very,any,little,no等修饰时;

  先行词是all,much,little,none等时;

  先行词是不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything时。

  b)先行词是人+物时,关系词要用that而不用which/who。例如:

  He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.

  (正)

  He talked about some writers and books which/who were unknown to us all.(误)

  c)先行词本身是that时,一般用which引导定语从句。例如:

  The predicate is that which is said of the subject.

  d)在who开头的疑问句中,若要用关系代词引导定语从句,则用that。例如:

  Who is the girl that is singing in the hall?

  e)当关系词后面有插入语时,用which引导定语从句。例如:

  Here is the English grammar book which,as Ihave told you,will help to improve your English.

  f)which可以引导非限定性定语从句,也可以放在介词后面,that则不能。例如:

  The room in which she lives is alarge one.

  g)as引导定语从句,可以指代整个主句,位置可以在主句前,也可以在主句后。which指代整个主句,只能放在主句后。例如:

  As might be expected,the response to the question was very mixed.

  The response to the question was very mixed,as/which might be expected.



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