2018英语专四阅读理解主旨题实例解析

2018英语专四阅读理解主旨题实例解析

　　Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?

　　The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.

　　Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.

　　Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.

　　One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.

　　We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.

　　[A] oil-price shocks are less shocking now

　　[B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks

　　[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices

　　[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry

　　[正确答案]A

　　[解题思路]文章第一段和第二段指出油价在上涨。第三段首句转折并指出，现在油价上涨的后果不会像70年代那样严重。第四段首句指出富裕国家对石油的依赖程度比以前低。最后，第五段首句提到油价上涨不会导致人们失眠(lose sleep)的原因。综上所述，油价的上涨对人们的影响不大。因此A选项最符合文意。

　　[干扰排除]选项B与第一段第四句话相反，故排除。选项C和选项D在文章中没有提及。

　　[核心词汇]doom厄运 strengthen加强 severe严重的 swing波动 excess过量的

　　主旨题解题方法讲解

　　If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.Depending on whom youare addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a groupof managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries;alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment ontheir disorganized bosses.

　　Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shownaround by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunnyweather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until,waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a manin a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stompsover to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter.“Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”

　　If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you tomake a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties.With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut inwith humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks abouttheir canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick toscapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.

　　If you feel awkward beinghumorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a fewcasual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxedand unforced manner.Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience tosmile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving lookmay help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.

　　Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected.A twist on a familiar quote“If at first you don’t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation.Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out afew words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.

　　The best title for the text may be__________.

　　[A]Use Humor Effectively [B] Various Kinds of Humor

　　[C] Add Humor to Speech [D] Different Humor Strategies

　　[正确答案]A

　　[解题思路] 文章第一段至第三段都在讲一个问题，那就是如果要使用幽默让人笑，必须与人分享共同的问题。第四段讲幽默表达需要自然随意。第五段讲了一些幽默的方法、策略。从整篇文章来看，主要是讲前三的表述的这样一个问题，即如何使用幽默让人发笑，即有效的使用幽默，故选项[A]正确。

　　[干扰排除] 选项[B]属于无中生有。选项[C]是由文章最后一段最后一句话而来，只是局部信息，不是全文的中心思想。选项[D]是最后一段的概括，同样不是全文的中心思想。

　　[核心词汇] strategy 策略 position位置 remark评论 inject with加入 alternatively或者

　　醍醐灌顶：文章中划下划线的句子就是我们找中心需要读的句子。如果这些句子还没有找到中心，那么久需要大家把首段的最后一句和中间各段的末句也读了。

　　找中心一定要边看边总结，才能区分出主要观点和次要观点。正确答案一般是主要观点，次要观点一般都是错误选项。切忌不可以一口气看完!

　　正式在练习和考场做题，每一篇文章一定先找到中心之后再做题，中心是“阅读的根”。

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