2019英语专八必备语法复习：不定式

2018-12-07 16:30:19来源：网络

2019英语专八必备语法复习：不定式

　　语法是英语专八的基础，语法知识贯穿在整个英语专八考卷的各个题型中。

　　英语专八语言知识题会直接考查语法知识;阅读理解题和汉译英中有大量的长难句，这些句子只有具备一定的语法知识才能正确分析;专八作文中要写出正确无误的句子，也需要语法知识。这部分基础如果欠缺，其它的综合能力提高起来将会很慢，所以所有考生都务必重视英语专八语法的复习。

　　1.不定式做主语

　　(1)引导逻辑主语的介词：不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导：

　　absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。如：

　　Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.

　　It’s clever of you to have invented such a device.

　　(2)不定式做主语补足语：

　　掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用相应形式。如：

　　be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth.

　　2.不定式做宾语

　　掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词：

　　afford, arrange, attempt, claim, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, endeavor, intend, pledge, pretend, resolve, request, swear, tend, venture。如：

　　Even though the children pretended to be asleep, the nurses were not deceived when they came into the room.

　　3.不定式做定语

　　(1)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, last, only, not a, the, very等限定词时，该名词用不定式做定语。如：the first woman to set foot on the moon 第一个登上月球的女性

　　(2)如果其动词要求不定式做宾语，相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如：

　　tendency to do→tend to do, decision to do→decide to do

　　This book is an attempt to help you use English and recognize how it is used.

　　(3)如果其形容词形式要求接不定式做补语，相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如：

　　ambition to do “干……的雄心”→be ambitious to do“有雄心干……”

　　curiosity to do “对……的好奇心”→be curious to do“对……好奇”

　　ability to do“做……的能力”→able to do“有能力做……”

　　According to Darwin, random changes that enhance a species’ ability to survive are naturally selected and passed on to succeeding generation.

　　(4)表示方式、原因、时间、机会、权利等名词用不定式做定语，这些名词包括：

　　way, method, reason, time, place, chance, occasion, opportunity, evidence, power, right, movement, drive (运动)，effort等。如：I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus.

　　We appreciate your efforts to bring about a comprehensive solution to the existing problem.

　　(5)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot习惯上用不定式做定语。如：

　　Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be improved.

　　4.不定式做状语

　　不定式做状语主要表示目的、程度、结果、方式。

　　(1)in order to(do), so as to(do)结构引导目的状语，so as to不能置于句首。如：

　　(2)so…as to, such…as to, enough…to, too…to结构做程度状语。如：

　　The solution works only for couples who are self-employed, don’t have small children and get along well enough to spend most of their time together.

　　The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly to be noticed.

　　(3)不定式做结果状语只能出现在句子的末尾，表示不愉快的结果，有时用only加强语气。

　　常见的不定式动词有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等。如：

　　Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked.

　　(4)not/never too… to, too… not to, but/only too…to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义。如：

　　I am only too pleased to hear from you further. 能再听到你的消息，我太高兴了。

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敲黑板一起来划重点啦~

专八考试时间：2019年3月23日(星期六)上午8:30。

报考2019英语专八考试的小姐姐小哥哥们

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