2019英语专八听力mini lecture训练mp3音频附文本（十一）

2019英语专八听力mini lecture训练mp3音频附文本（十一）

　　2019英语专八听力mini lecture题型旨在考查考生归纳总结、信息提炼、边听边记的能力。对考生的基本功要求非常高。考生既要听懂录音，还要从中提炼出有用的信息，更需要对所提炼的信息在语法和语义上进行再加工，以匹配已经给出的语境，同时对单词拼写也有较高的要求。单词拼写、时态、语态等完全正确才会得分，另外每个空格所填的词数不能超过三个，超过了也要扣分。下面新东方在线英语专八频道为大家准备了2019英语专八听力mini lecture训练mp3音频并附有文本，希望大家每日多听多练。

2019英语专八听力mini lecture训练mp3音频附文本十二篇

　　[00:23.95]MINI-LECTURE 11

　　[00:25.39]In this section

　　[00:26.89]you will hear a mini-lecture.

　　[00:29.41]You will hear

　　[00:29.73]the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY.

　　[00:32.43]While listening to the mini-lecture,

　　[00:34.38]please complete the gap-filling task

　　[00:36.42]on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write

　　[00:38.64]NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS

　　[00:40.48]for each gap.

　　[00:42.42]Make sure the word(s) you fill in

　　[00:45.12]is (are) both grammatically

　　[00:47.65]and semantically acceptable.

　　[00:50.32]You may use the blank sheet

　　[00:51.94]for note-taking.

　　[00:53.70]You have THIRTY seconds

　　[00:55.34]to preview the gap-filling task.

　　[01:27.52]Now listen to the mini-lecture.

　　[01:29.71]When it is over,

　　[01:30.71]you will be given THREE minutes

　　[01:32.42]to check your work.

　　[01:34.06]How to Approach a Dissertation

　　[01:36.66]Good morning, everyone.

　　[01:38.57]We will talk

　　[01:39.49]about how to write a dissertation

　　[01:41.44]in today's lecture,

　　[01:42.66]as we know dissertations

　　[01:44.34]have become

　　[01:45.43]an increasingly important

　　[01:46.62]component of higher education.

　　[01:49.67]It provides you with

　　[01:50.74]an opportunity

　　[01:51.48]to work independently on a topic

　　[01:53.79]that particularly interests you.

　　[01:56.04]So, it is important to know

　　[01:57.73]how to approach

　　[01:58.89]your own dissertation

　　[02:00.17]in the first place.

　　[02:01.69]First, we will have

　　[02:03.11]a brief introduction of dissertation.

　　[02:06.13]Different subject disciplines

　　[02:08.00]may emphasize different features,

　　[02:10.07]but, broadly speaking,

　　[02:12.50]a dissertation is a continuous piece

　　[02:14.67]of writing,

　　[02:15.89]arranged in clearly

　　[02:17.09]placed paragraphs,

　　[02:18.41]in which an argument

　　[02:19.77]is developed

　　[02:20.64]in response to a central question

　　[02:22.64]or proposition.

　　[02:24.71]The line of argument is

　　[02:26.16]supported by evidence

　　[02:27.59]you have acquired

　　[02:28.55]through research,

　　[02:30.03]which you are required to analyze,

　　[02:32.09]and which supports

　　[02:33.81]or contradicts

　　[02:34.79]the various perspectives

　　[02:36.40]explored in the course

　　[02:37.98]of the argument.

　　[02:39.44]The dissertation

　　[02:40.34]then reaches a conclusion

　　[02:41.82]in the final section,

　　[02:43.17]which pulls together the threads

　　[02:45.05]of your argument, supporting,

　　[02:47.29]qualifying or rejecting

　　[02:49.07]the original thesis.

　　[02:51.33]It is worth bearing in mind

　　[02:52.70]that an academic dissertation is

　　[02:54.97]not a piece of writing designed

　　[02:56.94]to reproduce information

　　[02:58.89]available elsewhere,

　　[03:00.11]but something new

　　[03:01.52]and expressive

　　[03:02.47]of your individual abilities

　　[03:04.35]to analyze and synthesize.

　　[03:07.16]In addition,

　　[03:08.42]the process of academic writing

　　[03:10.81]will help you to learn,

　　[03:12.24]by enabling you to work

　　[03:14.32]with concepts

　　[03:15.28]and information relevant

　　[03:16.96]to your subject,

　　[03:18.12]and thereby

　　[03:19.25]developing your intellectual skills.

　　[03:21.74]Second,

　　[03:23.68]we will come to

　　[03:24.47]the fundamental principles

　　[03:25.94]of writing a dissertation

　　[03:27.20]and you have to bear in mind

　　[03:29.68]the following key points.

　　[03:31.29]First of all,

　　[03:32.65]it is an extended piece of writing,

　　[03:35.42]usually divided into chapters.

　　[03:38.69]So you should know the lower

　　[03:40.41]and upper word limits acceptable

　　[03:42.48]for your dissertation

　　[03:43.88]and whether you should be

　　[03:45.46]following a particular sequence

　　[03:47.40]of chapter headings.

　　[03:48.60]Secondly, it contains

　　[03:50.57]a detailed exploration of evidence.

　　[03:54.49]The evidence referred to may be

　　[03:56.44]from published texts,

　　[03:58.15]or it may consist of primary data

　　[04:00.71]gathered by your own,

　　[04:02.05]first-hand research, for example,

　　[04:04.43]a sociological study of attitudes

　　[04:07.03]to gender roles based

　　[04:08.67]on research methods

　　[04:09.90]such as interviews

　　[04:11.59]and questionnaires.

　　[04:13.25]Thirdly, you are required

　　[04:15.52]to be clear about the nature

　　[04:17.23]of the methodology you

　　[04:18.74]will use for gathering

　　[04:20.49]the evidence.

　　[04:21.94]That is to say,

　　[04:23.10]why are you collecting data

　　[04:25.01]or analyzing evidence

　　[04:26.81]in that way rather than

　　[04:29.01]in another way?

　　[04:30.02]And also, it must be supported

　　[04:32.34]throughout

　　[04:33.45]by awareness of theory.

　　[04:35.70]Your argument should be placed

　　[04:37.40]within the context

　　[04:38.54]of existing theory

　　[04:39.85]relevant to the subject.

　　[04:41.41]Finally, it has to be presented

　　[04:44.33]in a professionally

　　[04:45.94]finished manner.

　　[04:46.74]So you have to be fully aware

　　[04:48.58]of the precise details

　　[04:50.45]about the format,

　　[04:51.63]layout and stylistic requirements

　　[04:54.51]of your assignment.

　　[04:56.08]Third, it is

　　[04:57.77]about how to manage

　　[04:59.27]your supervisor.

　　[05:00.56]Since a dissertation is

　　[05:02.87]an individually devised

　　[05:04.37]piece of work,

　　[05:05.45]you will be allocated

　　[05:06.93]a personal supervisor

　　[05:08.44]to support you

　　[05:09.79]while you are writing it.

　　[05:11.76]Do not delay

　　[05:12.69]in having your first meeting

　　[05:14.64]with her or him,

　　[05:15.68]as it is vital to discuss not only

　　[05:18.61]what topic you will start

　　[05:19.84]by exploring,

　　[05:20.86]but also how you can best work

　　[05:23.40]on your dissertation.

　　[05:24.95]Here are some aspects

　　[05:26.58]of managing your supervisor.

　　[05:28.63]Firstly, let your supervisor know

　　[05:31.77]how much contact

　　[05:32.79]and support you would like.

　　[05:34.98]Necessarily, you have to agree

　　[05:37.71]together at the outset

　　[05:39.37]on when you will meet

　　[05:40.99]and how best contact

　　[05:42.67]can be made.

　　[05:43.70]Secondly, ask for access,

　　[05:47.10]where possible,

　　[05:48.19]to past dissertations of the kind

　　[05:50.51]you are being asked to write,

　　[05:52.20]so that you can get a sense

　　[05:54.11]of their scope, structure, tone

　　[05:56.24]and the methodology used.

　　[05:58.55]Thirdly, consider contributing

　　[06:00.86]to the setting up

　　[06:01.77]of appropriate support groups

　　[06:03.60]or pairings with fellow students,

　　[06:05.75]so that you can clarify

　　[06:07.00]your own thinking

　　[06:08.12]by discussing it with others

　　[06:10.72]if this is acceptable

　　[06:11.80]to your supervisor.

　　[06:13.44]Fourthly,

　　[06:14.58]find an appropriate way

　　[06:16.33]of mapping

　　[06:17.30]and monitoring your own progress.

　　[06:19.29]I recommend you

　　[06:20.77]a checklist of tasks

　　[06:22.19]to be completed.

　　[06:24.06]Lastly, you have to evaluate

　　[06:26.31]and respond to your supervisor's

　　[06:29.01]feedback

　　[06:29.82]by making notes and reflecting

　　[06:32.07]on what has been said or written,

　　[06:34.23]then applying the feedback

　　[06:36.10]to the next stage of your research.

　　[06:38.35]Fourth, we will talk

　　[06:39.98]about how to manage your time.

　　[06:42.27]Writing a dissertation can be

　　[06:44.42]very demanding in terms

　　[06:46.10]of managing your time

　　[06:47.89]and the process itself.

　　[06:50.18]It is a major piece of work

　　[06:52.28]and you are likely to have months

　　[06:54.24]before it is due for submission,

　　[06:56.72]so the dissertation sometimes

　　[06:58.99]causes problems even

　　[07:01.26]for people who are normally good

　　[07:03.42]at meeting deadlines.

　　[07:04.88]So, how to arrange your time?

　　[07:07.36]First,

　　[07:08.51]draw a typical week's timetable

　　[07:11.11]on a large sheet of paper.

　　[07:12.98]Show thorough information

　　[07:15.08]about your university timetable

　　[07:17.14]and other regular commitments

　　[07:19.00]such as part-time work

　　[07:20.99]and regular social events.

　　[07:23.20]Second,

　　[07:24.11]after marking in the essentials,

　　[07:26.06]as you see them,

　　[07:27.49]take a good look at

　　[07:29.03]where you could commit time.

　　[07:30.91]Look particularly

　　[07:32.34]for those odd hours

　　[07:33.82]which are easily frittered away

　　[07:35.82]doing nothing much,

　　[07:37.10]and see if you can turn these

　　[07:38.80]into study time,

　　[07:40.36]so that some clear chunks

　　[07:42.66]of time are left for you

　　[07:43.83]to relax, keep fit,

　　[07:45.80]go shopping, watch TV and so on.

　　[07:48.90]Third, fill in your schedule

　　[07:50.68]with personal study periods.

　　[07:53.29]When are you going to work

　　[07:54.90]on your dissertation,

　　[07:56.48]and when

　　[07:57.15]on your other commitments?

　　[07:58.98]Take account of when you are

　　[08:00.97]at your best for studying,

　　[08:02.57]for example,

　　[08:03.39]can you work early

　　[08:05.01]in the morning

　　[08:05.98]or late at night?

　　[08:07.51]Regular work throughout

　　[08:08.77]your dissertation

　　[08:10.00]unit will mean less chance

　　[08:11.80]of any all-night,

　　[08:13.36]last-minute,

　　[08:14.13]nail-biting sessions

　　[08:15.46]during the week

　　[08:16.42]before it needs to be submitted.

　　[08:18.94]Now, to sum up today's lecture,

　　[08:21.81]we have introduced some methods

　　[08:23.89]to approach a dissertation

　　[08:25.50]in your study.

　　[08:26.97]Before we finish,

　　[08:28.79]I'd like to say

　　[08:29.41]if you want to hand

　　[08:30.53]in an excellent dissertation

　　[08:32.21]in the future,

　　[08:33.79]you also have to

　　[08:34.85]research your topic

　　[08:35.96]very carefully,

　　[08:37.31]so next time I will introduce

　　[08:39.01]to you the methods of selecting

　　[08:40.98]and researching your topics.

　　[08:42.61]OK, this brings us to the end

　　[08:45.59]of today's lecture.

　　[08:47.17]Thanks for your attention.

　　[08:48.98]Now, you have THREE minutes

　　[08:51.61]to check your work.

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