2019专八听力全真模拟练习mp3附文本（15）

2019专八听力全真模拟练习mp3附文本（15）

　　2019专八考试将于2019年3月23日上午开考，专八听力占整个试卷25分，是除阅读外第二大分值题型，需要通过长期的积累和多听多练才能提高此题型得分率，在考试前期新东方在线整理了20套专八听力全真模拟练习题，音频内容完全按照专八听力考试形式，包含minilecture和conversation希望对大家自测练习有所帮助。

2019专八听力全真模拟练习二十篇

　　[00:21.52]TEST 15

　　[00:24.05]SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

　　[00:26.83]In this section

　　[00:28.35]you will hear a mini-lecture.

　　[00:30.10]You will hear the mini-lecture

　　[00:32.00]ONCE ONLY.

　　[00:33.11]While listening to the mini-lecture,

　　[00:35.33]please complete the gap-filling task

　　[00:37.98]on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write

　　[00:40.05]NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS

　　[00:41.85]for each gap.

　　[00:42.91]Make sure the word(s) you fill in

　　[00:46.33]is (are) both grammatically

　　[00:48.99]and semantically acceptable.

　　[00:51.05]You may use the blank sheet

　　[00:53.34]for note-taking.

　　[00:54.34]You have THIRTY seconds

　　[00:56.70]to preview the gap-filling task.

　　[01:28.37]Now listen to the mini-lecture.

　　[01:30.53]When it is over,

　　[01:31.89]you will be given THREE minutes

　　[01:33.87]to check your work.

　　[01:34.97]UK Newspapers

　　[01:36.71]Last time we talked

　　[01:38.85]about the newspaper in the USA,

　　[01:40.31]and this time we shall focus on

　　[01:42.27]that of the UK.

　　[01:43.33]Because of the small geographical area

　　[01:45.73]of the UK,

　　[01:46.47]and the good travel infrastructure,

　　[01:48.76]there are many national newspapers—

　　[01:51.02]unlike the United States,

　　[01:52.40]where most newspapers are printed

　　[01:54.32]and published locally.

　　[01:55.32]Unlike France,

　　[01:56.57]the main national papers

　　[01:57.76]are morning newspapers; indeed,

　　[01:59.95]there are no national evening titles.

　　[02:02.57]UK newspapers are generally

　　[02:04.59]grouped into three groups—

　　[02:06.11]mass-market newspapers

　　[02:07.64]in small size or "red tops"

　　[02:09.88]such as The Sun,

　　[02:11.10]middle-market newspapers

　　[02:12.73]in small size

　　[02:13.80]such as The Daily Mail,

　　[02:14.81]and quality broadsheets

　　[02:16.74]such as The Times.

　　[02:18.07]Unlike other European countries,

　　[02:20.07]there are

　　[02:20.86]no all-sport daily newspapers.

　　[02:22.91]I will talk about them

　　[02:24.16]from the following several aspects:

　　[02:26.08]First, it's size that matters.

　　[02:28.61]In October 2003,

　　[02:30.83]quality broadsheet

　　[02:32.28]The Independent began producing

　　[02:34.27]what it preferred to call

　　[02:35.39]a compact edition—tabloid sized—

　　[02:38.28]along with

　　[02:39.12]the main broadsheet sized

　　[02:40.56]newspaper.

　　[02:41.39]This had a stunning effect

　　[02:43.00]on circulation—

　　[02:43.85]sales went up by 20% year-on-year—

　　[02:46.87]and The Times followed suit

　　[02:48.65]launching its own compact edition.

　　[02:50.47]Both newspapers are

　　[02:52.07]now exclusively available

　　[02:53.47]in compact form.

　　[02:54.60]The Guardian,

　　[02:56.07]which denounced the original shift

　　[02:57.98]to compact before planning

　　[02:59.55]and then junking

　　[03:00.50]its own compact format,

　　[03:01.78]switched in September 2005

　　[03:04.18]to a mid-size format

　　[03:05.84]between newspapers

　　[03:06.85]in small size and broadsheets,

　　[03:08.70]known as the "Berliner".

　　[03:10.39]This is roughly the same width

　　[03:12.37]as a newspaper in small size

　　[03:13.81](thus easy to open

　　[03:15.37]using public transport), but taller,

　　[03:17.52]and therefore giving more flexibility

　　[03:19.91]in page design.

　　[03:20.93]Its sister paper The Observer

　　[03:23.19]also followed suit in January 2006.

　　[03:26.20]The Daily Telegraph is

　　[03:27.83]the only remaining weekday

　　[03:29.19]broadsheet.

　　[03:30.02]It apparently gained from

　　[03:31.30]The Times

　　[03:31.96]when the latter switched

　　[03:32.91]to a newspaper in small size,

　　[03:34.21]and sees the broadsheet size

　　[03:35.91]as being a differentiator—

　　[03:37.68]some advertising has claimed

　　[03:39.59]that Telegraph readers have a

　　[03:41.76]"broader view".

　　[03:43.00]The Sunday Telegraph

　　[03:45.15]and most sections

　　[03:46.19]of The Sunday Times are also

　　[03:47.70]in broadsheet size.

　　[03:49.05]The second aspect is

　　[03:50.75]the political leanings in some papers.

　　[03:52.46]The two most-popular newspapers

　　[03:54.45]are The Sun and The Daily Mirror.

　　[03:56.19]As bitter rivals,

　　[03:57.61]the papers traditionally hold

　　[03:59.18]very different political views—

　　[04:00.82]The Sun being Conservative

　　[04:02.95]since the early 1970s,

　　[04:04.70]while The Mirror being Labor.

　　[04:06.48]The Sun veered towards

　　[04:08.44]Tony Blair's Labor Party six weeks

　　[04:10.54]before his victory in 1997,

　　[04:12.67]and has supported Labor

　　[04:14.14]in subsequent general elections

　　[04:15.79]in 2001 and 2005.

　　[04:18.37]However, recently the paper

　　[04:20.50]has been more critical

　　[04:21.61]of Gordon Brown,

　　[04:22.49]and more supportive

　　[04:23.66]of the leader of the opposition,

　　[04:25.03]David Cameron.

　　[04:26.05]Third, the middle-market newspaper

　　[04:29.03]in small size,

　　[04:30.09]The Daily Mail and The Daily Express

　　[04:32.53]are concerned with

　　[04:33.15]a very different readership—

　　[04:34.66]that of affluent women.

　　[04:36.21]Weekend supplements

　　[04:37.65]and carefully-placed sponsorship

　　[04:39.39]ensure that these titles

　　[04:40.66]are a cheap alternative

　　[04:41.63]to a magazine,

　　[04:42.41]while sports supplements aimed at

　　[04:44.40]the husband aim to broaden

　　[04:45.67]their readership.

　　[04:46.67]The Daily Mail has

　　[04:47.91]a staunch right-wing agenda,

　　[04:49.39]and is mocked by some

　　[04:50.88]for its over alarmist headlines,

　　[04:52.83]particularly about

　　[04:54.37]political asylum seekers,

　　[04:55.85]house prices and"things

　　[04:57.97]that give you cancer"—

　　[04:59.12]in 2009,

　　[05:00.45]The Daily Mail claimed

　　[05:01.96]in the same month

　　[05:03.00]that coffee would

　　[05:03.93]"give you cancer",

　　[05:04.72]as well as "cure you from cancer"

　　[05:07.15]in different stories.

　　[05:08.63]However, its formula,

　　[05:10.35]said by former owner Lord Northcliffe

　　[05:12.98]to give his readers a "daily hate",

　　[05:14.87]has made The Daily Mail one

　　[05:16.67]of the most popular newspapers

　　[05:18.18]in the UK.

　　[05:19.13]Fourth, the quality papers—

　　[05:21.14]the"broadsheets",

　　[05:22.26]though not that size anymore—

　　[05:24.31]are probably the most famous

　　[05:25.79]to readers overseas.

　　[05:26.79]The Times,

　　[05:27.98]the UK's oldest national newspaper,

　　[05:29.96]is not the most popular—

　　[05:31.71]that accolade falls to

　　[05:33.49]The Daily Telegraph,

　　[05:34.63]known affectionately

　　[05:36.09]as The Daily Torygraph

　　[05:37.67]because of the staunch support

　　[05:39.24]to the Conservative Party.

　　[05:40.40]The Independent,

　　[05:41.74]The Guardian

　　[05:42.60]and the financial newspaper

　　[05:43.87]The Financial Times make up

　　[05:45.52]the rest of

　　[05:46.26]the so-called quality papers.

　　[05:47.72]It's important to notice,

　　[05:49.31]though,

　　[05:49.99]that the mass-market newspapers

　　[05:52.01]in small size sell up to four times

　　[05:53.94]as many copies as the broadsheets—

　　[05:55.66]and if you're looking in vain

　　[05:57.13]for The London Times,

　　[05:58.27]such a newspaper title has never,

　　[06:00.31]in fact, existed—

　　[06:01.21]The Times has always been

　　[06:03.15]a national newspaper.

　　[06:04.15]The Guardian,

　　[06:05.07]once based in Manchester,

　　[06:06.99]was known as

　　[06:07.88]The Manchester Guardian

　　[06:08.83]until the sixties.

　　[06:09.90]Fifth,

　　[06:10.94]a relatively recent phenomenon

　　[06:12.70]in the newspaper industry

　　[06:14.05]has been the free morning papers.

　　[06:15.92]Free weekly papers are fairly common,

　　[06:18.17]supported by advertising

　　[06:19.81]and carrying little in the way

　　[06:21.22]of editorial.

　　[06:22.14]But now, with the launch

　　[06:23.75]of Associate's "Metro"

　　[06:24.88]and similar titles

　　[06:26.31]in many metropolitan areas,

　　[06:27.82]these newspapers thrive

　　[06:29.44]on public transport

　　[06:30.39]and in busy cities.

　　[06:31.69]Sixth, consolidation seems one

　　[06:34.87]of the ways forward.

　　[06:35.91]The Times and The Sun's

　　[06:37.27]parent company also

　　[06:38.40]owns Sky television,

　　[06:39.79]the UK's satellite television service.

　　[06:42.58]The Guardian group now

　　[06:43.66]owns the Smooth FM

　　[06:45.14]and Real Radio radio stations,

　　[06:47.13]as well as probably

　　[06:48.80]the biggest Internet presence

　　[06:49.84]for a newspaper.

　　[06:50.62]On a local scale,

　　[06:52.07]the Kent Messenger group

　　[06:53.38]also owns

　　[06:54.34]the local KMFM radio stations

　　[06:56.70]in many areas of Kent,

　　[06:58.33]and aggressively cross-promotes

　　[07:00.30]them.

　　[07:00.85]New sizes and formats were held

　　[07:02.74]to arrest the decline

　　[07:03.85]of newspaper buying.

　　[07:04.83]In June 2004,

　　[07:06.86]newspaper sales were declining

　　[07:08.43]year by year by 4.7%—

　　[07:10.79]the only increases worldwide,

　　[07:12.81]in fact,

　　[07:13.59]coming from developing countries.

　　[07:14.88]However, reductions in size

　　[07:16.79]for some of the newspapers meant

　　[07:18.35]a temporary increase in circulation.

　　[07:20.15]And, while newspaper sales

　　[07:21.87]have been slowly declining,

　　[07:23.15]consumption of news

　　[07:24.35]can be claimed

　　[07:25.18]to have vastly increased:

　　[07:26.01]whether from the Internet,

　　[07:27.37]or one of the many

　　[07:28.78]non-stop news channels

　　[07:30.11]available to UK viewers.

　　[07:31.46]Newspaper companies

　　[07:33.28]own their content.

　　[07:34.55]The best way of consumption

　　[07:35.96]of this content at present

　　[07:37.27]is on small sheets of dead,

　　[07:39.05]pulped, reformed, wood.

　　[07:40.43]It requires no recharging;

　　[07:42.62]losing a newspaper

　　[07:43.68]is not a major problem;

　　[07:44.98]and delivery and availability is easy.

　　[07:47.16]However,

　　[07:48.23]all national papers now

　　[07:50.06]have their own websites;

　　[07:51.25]some are shifting classified

　　[07:53.16]advertising away from

　　[07:54.55]the printed paper.

　　[07:55.75]Content is a useful commodity—

　　[07:57.52]and the way this is presented

　　[07:59.26]in the future may well change.

　　[08:00.75]The cleverest newspapers

　　[08:02.71]will adapt to using their content

　　[08:04.40]in different ways.

　　[08:05.54]OK. Thank you

　　[08:06.93]for attending the lecture.

　　[08:07.91]If you are interested in other topics,

　　[08:09.86]please tell me now and we will talk

　　[08:11.72]about it next time.

　　[08:12.75]Now, you have THREE minutes

　　[08:15.48]to check your work.

　　[11:15.97]This is the end

　　[11:16.88]of Section A Mini-lecture.

　　[11:19.43]SECTION B INTERVIEW

　　[11:21.98]In this section

　　[11:23.50]you will hear ONE interview.

　　[11:25.26]The interview

　　[11:26.21]will be divided into TWO parts.

　　[11:28.62]At the end of each part,

　　[11:30.18]five questions will be asked

　　[11:32.20]about what was said.

　　[11:33.66]Both the interview

　　[11:35.00]and the questions

　　[11:36.28]will be spoken ONCE ONLY.

　　[11:38.40]After each question

　　[11:40.08]there will be a ten-second pause.

　　[11:42.55]During the pause,

　　[11:44.31]you should read the four choices

　　[11:46.54]of A, B, C and D,

　　[11:48.84]and mark the best answer

　　[11:50.68]to each question

　　[11:51.83]on ANSWER SHEET TWO.

　　[11:53.55]You have THIRTY seconds

　　[11:55.68]to preview the questions.

　　[12:26.91]Now, listen to Part One

　　[12:28.96]of the interview.

　　[12:29.98]Questions 1 to 5 are based on

　　[12:32.94]Part One of the interview.

　　[12:35.78]W: Welcome to Book Club.

　　[12:37.28]Today we are honored

　　[12:38.49]to have invited a distinguished guest

　　[12:40.57]from Ohio University—

　　[12:42.18]Professor Smith.

　　[12:43.28]He is working on his new book,

　　[12:44.91]New Perspectives

　　[12:46.31]on Benjamin Franklin.

　　[12:47.53]We would like him to share some of

　　[12:49.56]his innovative thoughts

　　[12:50.73]on this great man.

　　[12:51.84]M: Thank you, Sarah.

　　[12:53.41]As we all know,

　　[12:54.58]Benjamin Franklin was

　　[12:55.92]a renowned statesman,

　　[12:57.16]a successful proprietor,

　　[12:58.72]an avid philosopher,

　　[13:00.17]and a prolific inventor.

　　[13:02.19]W: I guess among his inventions

　　[13:04.41]the most famous one

　　[13:05.76]is the lightning rod.

　　[13:06.84]M: You are right, but today,

　　[13:08.68]I want to argue the case

　　[13:10.12]that Franklin's greatest legacy

　　[13:11.81]was not in any of those roles,

　　[13:13.96]or as a founding father

　　[13:15.59]of the United States,

　　[13:16.73]but as a writer.

　　[13:18.09]W: that is what your new book

　　[13:19.68]is mainly about, am I right?

　　[13:21.61]M: Yes. Do you happen to

　　[13:23.20]know any book written by Franklin?

　　[13:25.11]W: Er, sorry.

　　[13:26.58]I couldn't recall any name at all.

　　[13:28.90]M: Well,

　　[13:29.81]that's because Franklin

　　[13:30.84]didn't write any great novels

　　[13:32.53]like the later US greats

　　[13:33.91]such as Hemingway,

　　[13:35.41]F. Scott Fitzgerald and Mark Twain.

　　[13:37.92]But I think an analysis of Franklin's

　　[13:40.83]writing style, his instincts,

　　[13:42.92]his sensibilities

　　[13:44.06]and his accomplishments reveals

　　[13:45.81]that he deserves to be mentioned

　　[13:47.17]in the same breath

　　[13:48.62]as those literary giants.

　　[13:49.95]W: Such a ranking of Franklin

　　[13:51.61]is a new idea in the literary sense,

　　[13:54.53]I guess.

　　[13:55.24]M: Indeed. Like Hemingway,

　　[13:56.79]Franklin began as

　　[13:57.90]a newspaper reporter,

　　[13:58.88]then he moved on to publish essays,

　　[14:01.19]journals and books.

　　[14:02.57]His most famous books

　　[14:04.01]are Autobiography, way to Wealth

　　[14:06.75]and Poor Richard's Almanac.

　　[14:08.69]W: What is this almanac?

　　[14:10.49]M: It is an annual publication

　　[14:12.12]that he founded

　　[14:13.11]and authored from 1732 to 1748.

　　[14:16.89]But Franklin's

　　[14:17.90]first literary contributions

　　[14:19.45]were essays printed in 1722

　　[14:22.12]in the New England Courant,

　　[14:23.78]a newspaper published

　　[14:24.98]by his brother,

　　[14:25.47]James.

　　[14:26.22]W: What was his writing style like

　　[14:28.29]at that time?

　　[14:29.24]M: His writing style at

　　[14:30.93]that time was modeled principally

　　[14:32.85]on that of The Spectator,

　　[14:34.37]a British paper edited

　　[14:36.53]by Joseph Addison

　　[14:37.74]and Richard Steele.

　　[14:39.12]Early on, though, Franklin

　　[14:41.24]displayed an innate ability

　　[14:42.64]to write concise,

　　[14:43.74]clear news stories.

　　[14:44.87]W: Did he do anything else

　　[14:46.49]in the field of literature

　　[14:47.75]besides writing essays and books?

　　[14:50.20]M: Yes. In 1729,

　　[14:52.48]he became the publisher and editor

　　[14:54.88]of The Pennsylvania Gazette,

　　[14:56.96]which he developed into

　　[14:58.65]a newspaper universally

　　[15:00.42]acclaimed as the best

　　[15:01.53]in the American colonies.

　　[15:02.74]W: It sounds so shocking

　　[15:04.46]since Franklin did not

　　[15:05.80]receive much formal education.

　　[15:07.48]M: True. We can say

　　[15:09.19]that Franklin is a self-taught man,

　　[15:11.01]and he made

　　[15:12.09]three great contributions to

　　[15:13.50]American literature.

　　[15:14.60]W: Three? Um,

　　[15:16.22]I bet his first achievement

　　[15:17.94]must have something

　　[15:18.95]to do with his innovative newspaper.

　　[15:21.31]M: Er, yes.

　　[15:22.32]His first contribution was

　　[15:23.95]his preference to share his opinions

　　[15:26.07]about popular topics,

　　[15:27.33]instead of simply

　　[15:28.39]reporting on current events—

　　[15:29.79]um, much in the vein

　　[15:31.87]of a modern newspaper columnist.

　　[15:33.85]W: Maybe we can say

　　[15:34.85]that modern columnists

　　[15:36.37]have learned a lot from him.

　　[15:37.65]This is the end of Part One

　　[15:39.80]of the interview.

　　[15:41.04]Questions 1 to 5 are based on

　　[15:43.90]what you have just heard.

　　[15:45.68]1. What case of Benjamin Franklin

　　[15:49.47]does the man want to argue?

　　[16:00.01]2. Why couldn't the woman

　　[16:03.88]recall any books written by Franklin?

　　[16:14.07]3. How did Franklin begin

　　[16:18.65]his writing career?

　　[16:30.11]4. Which of

　　[16:31.55]the following statements

　　[16:32.58]about Benjamin Franklin

　　[16:33.88]is INCORRECT?

　　[16:44.32]5. What is Franklin's first

　　[16:47.44]contribution to American literature?

　　[16:58.56]Now, listen to Part Two

　　[17:01.64]of the interview.

　　[17:02.65]Questions 6 to 10 are based

　　[17:05.17]on Part Two of the interview.

　　[17:07.60]M: In a sense, true.

　　[17:09.19]Through his writings,

　　[17:10.65]Franklin helped shape

　　[17:11.88]America's national identity,

　　[17:13.42]by shifting

　　[17:14.38]Americans' consciousness

　　[17:15.69]from a spiritual Puritanism to,

　　[17:17.93]er, secular rationalism,

　　[17:19.94]which was characteristic

　　[17:21.96]of The Enlightenment

　　[17:22.84]in the eighteenth century.

　　[17:24.17]He thus created a dawning awareness

　　[17:26.69]that America was a country

　　[17:28.04]with distinctly different values

　　[17:30.14]and interests than

　　[17:31.16]those of England.

　　[17:32.65]W: Could you give us

　　[17:33.51]more examples

　　[17:34.32]to illustrate this point?

　　[17:35.72]M: Of course.

　　[17:36.61]Poor Richard's Almanac

　　[17:38.09]and his Autobiography, for example,

　　[17:40.08]are written in the style

　　[17:41.79]of self-help guides.

　　[17:42.96]They're packed with

　　[17:44.21]enlightenment maxims

　　[17:45.37]such as"An investment

　　[17:46.96]in knowledge pays the best interest."

　　[17:49.00]"Time is money." and

　　[17:51.00]"Hear reason,

　　[17:52.42]or she'll make you feel her."

　　[17:53.67]W: These maxims ring a bell now.

　　[17:56.02]M: In an article entitled

　　[17:58.20]"Death of a Drunk",

　　[17:59.63]for instance,

　　[18:00.53]he used a true story to pass on

　　[18:02.87]a moral lesson

　　[18:03.80]about the danger of drinking.

　　[18:05.25]Author Robert Arner said

　　[18:07.87]that Franklin's writings

　　[18:09.14]demonstrated a deep

　　[18:10.22]and abiding belief

　　[18:11.43]in the power of the press

　　[18:12.78]to educate the public on topical issues.

　　[18:15.06]W: No wonder later critics

　　[18:17.08]call him a moral writer.

　　[18:18.62]How about his second contribution?

　　[18:21.05]M: Franklin's second contribution

　　[18:23.14]was his sense for unusual

　　[18:24.94]and interesting news stories,

　　[18:26.62]which set the tone

　　[18:27.70]that has carried over

　　[18:28.65]into modern newspapers.

　　[18:30.21]The Pennsylvania Gazette

　　[18:31.94]specialized in brief,

　　[18:33.34]offbeat articles,

　　[18:34.49]such as a husband

　　[18:35.59]who tried to decapitate

　　[18:36.87]his wife's adulterer,

　　[18:38.19]or a fiddler who saved his fiddle—

　　[18:40.64]but not his wife—

　　[18:41.70]from a capsized canoe.

　　[18:43.39]Although some criticized this

　　[18:45.06]as sensationalistic or

　　[18:46.64]"yellow" journalism,

　　[18:48.09]Franklin's venerable wisdom

　　[18:49.97]and natural wit

　　[18:50.82]permeated the short reports

　　[18:52.12]and attracted a huge

　　[18:53.62]and loyal audience.

　　[18:55.03]W: So in this sense,

　　[18:56.30]can we call Franklin the father

　　[18:58.31]of tabloid journalism?

　　[18:59.90]M: Absolutely.

　　[19:00.93]And Franklin's third significant

　　[19:02.65]contribution to US literature

　　[19:04.61]is his writing style,

　　[19:06.00]which reflects the philosophy

　　[19:07.93]he expressed in a 1732 essay.

　　[19:10.32]"Good writing,"he said,

　　[19:12.42]"should be smooth,

　　[19:13.40]clear and short."

　　[19:14.96]W: Some critics say

　　[19:16.47]that compared with

　　[19:17.79]other 18th-century authors,

　　[19:19.34]Franklin's writing is

　　[19:20.66]much more concise and readable.

　　[19:22.57]Is that true?

　　[19:24.07]M: Well, we may say

　　[19:25.11]that this comparison holds

　　[19:26.50]not only among his contemporaries,

　　[19:28.23]however, but also among writers

　　[19:30.36]in the following three centuries.

　　[19:32.11]Franklin played a leading role

　　[19:34.26]in developing journalism

　　[19:35.96]as a terse writing form,

　　[19:37.10]getting quickly to the point

　　[19:38.72]and dwelling on important issues

　　[19:40.48]instead of secondary facts.

　　[19:42.81]Moreover,

　　[19:43.64]Franklin was a word economist,

　　[19:45.88]finding the shortest way

　　[19:47.33]to express a thought,

　　[19:48.37]as demonstrated

　　[19:49.22]by his vast coinages of aphorisms.

　　[19:51.90]W: I guess that is the chief reason

　　[19:53.97]why Franklin's sayings

　　[19:55.48]remain popular today.

　　[19:56.65]M: Yes. Advice such as"Well done

　　[19:59.68]is better than well said."

　　[20:01.38]is catchy and easy to remember

　　[20:03.29]and remains a timeless writing tip.

　　[20:05.86]Well, have you ever heard

　　[20:07.48]your English teacher mention K-I-S-S,

　　[20:09.82]Sarah? Do you know its meaning?

　　[20:11.80]W: Keep it short and simple?

　　[20:13.66]M: Right! Keep it short and simple.

　　[20:15.75]That was a formula Franklin

　　[20:17.68]was practicing long

　　[20:18.84]before someone coined a name for it.

　　[20:20.93]Given all this,

　　[20:22.13]it's no wonder

　　[20:22.94]that the Scottish philosopher,

　　[20:24.28]David Hume,

　　[20:25.42]called Franklin "America's

　　[20:27.43]first great man of letters".

　　[20:29.18]This is the end of Part Two

　　[20:31.68]of the interview.

　　[20:32.92]Questions 6 to 10 are based on

　　[20:35.47]what you have just heard.

　　[20:37.41]6. How did Franklin help

　　[20:40.47]shape America's national identity?

　　[20:51.08]7. Why do later critics

　　[20:55.12]call Benjamin Franklin a moral writer?

　　[21:06.31]8. What set the tone

　　[21:09.36]of modern newspapers?

　　[21:20.51]9. According to Franklin,

　　[21:23.39]what is good writing like?

　　[21:34.02]10. Why does the man

　　[21:37.36]mention K-I-S-S?

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