2019英语专八听力mini lecture全真模拟训练MP3附文本(十一)

2019-02-11 17:02:00来源:网络

2019英语专八听力mini lecture全真模拟训练MP3附文本(十一)

  2019专八考试临近,寒假期间专八考生们也别松懈了对专八听力的训练,新东方在线专八频道整理了2019英语专八听力mini lecture全真模拟训练MP3附文本,希望大家认真复习。

2019英语专八听力mini lecture全真模拟训练MP3附文本汇总

  

  [00:10.12]TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS--GRADE EIGHT

  [00:13.51]Section A MINI-LECTURE

  [00:16.97]In this section you will hear a mini-lecture.

  [00:20.29]You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY.

  [00:23.73]While listening to the mini-lecture,

  [00:25.82]please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE

  [00:30.29]and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.

  [00:34.70]Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically

  [00:39.23]and semantically acceptable.

  [00:41.85]You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.

  [00:45.67]You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.

  [01:19.89]Now, listen to the mini-lecture.

  [01:22.30]When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes

  [01:25.05]to check your work.

  [01:27.23]Non-Verbal Communications Across Cultures

  [01:31.46]Good morning, everyone.

  [01:33.52]Let me welcome you to the lecture "series of language and communication".

  [01:38.68]Last time, we talked about verbal communication.

  [01:42.80]Today, we are going to focus on non-verbal communication across cultures.

  [01:49.24]As we know, the Euro-zone is in a tizzy.

  [01:53.41]Greece's economy has tanked and is being bailed out by countries

  [01:57.66]with different attitudes and understanding about money.

  [02:01.77]Though they now share a monetary system,

  [02:04.81]different countries have different ways of communicating.

  [02:08.73]It's not just about the words they speak.

  [02:12.09]It's also about the non-verbal communications.

  [02:16.68]Issues of cultural background, regional variations, gender and personal idiolect

  [02:23.90]come into play in non-verbal as well as verbal communications.

  [02:29.50]In linguistics, an idiolect is a variety of a language unique to an individual.

  [02:36.61]The truth is that our actions do speak at least as loudly,

  [02:41.67]if not, more loudly than our words.

  [02:45.65]Non-verbal communications can affirm, complement or even contradict

  [02:51.67]what is being verbally transmitted.

  [02:54.66]One of the issues people run into with e-mail

  [02:58.80]is that the person sending the message knows

  [03:01.85]the intended message is meant to be funny or sarcastic.

  [03:06.47]Without the non-verbal clues,

  [03:08.89]the person receiving the message may take the message seriously.

  [03:14.31]First of all, about gesture.

  [03:17.79]Among the most potent forms of non-verbal communications is gesture.

  [03:23.64]There are too many differences in gestures to handle them in a meaningful way here.

  [03:29.75]Some examples of gestures that may not translate include pointing.

  [03:35.60]Pointing with a single finger is considered rude in many Asian cultures.

  [03:41.83]Better there to indicate direction by gesturing with a whole hand.

  [03:47.61]Even among those cultures that use a single finger to point, there is variation.

  [03:54.02]In the US, we use the index finger to point.

  [03:58.13]In Germany, using the pinky to point is common.

  [04:02.80]The gesture that Americans use to indicate everything is okay,

  [04:07.21]is a very offensive gesture in many parts of the world.

  [04:11.63]Even very similar cultures have differences in gestural norms.

  [04:17.29]When George Bush visited Australia,

  [04:20.34]he flashed them a V-for victory/peace sign from his limo.

  [04:25.76]The gesture is normally done with the palm facing out,

  [04:29.43]but for most Americans, it does not matter.

  [04:33.29]President Bush, unfortunately made the sign

  [04:36.28]with the back of his hand facing towards the crowd.

  [04:40.14]In Australia and in the UK, this is an equivalent of

  [04:44.49]flipping someone the bird, or saying "Up yours."

  [04:49.03]In America and in most parts of Europe,

  [04:52.27]showing someone a closed fist with your thumb sticking in the air

  [04:56.63]is a sign of approval.

  [04:58.86]In many Asian or Islamic parts of the world, it is an insulting gesture.

  [05:04.90]While in the USA men greeting each other with a handshake is the norm,

  [05:10.39]in other parts of the world they might greet each other with a kiss.

  [05:15.00]There are cultures that consider two men walking hand-in-hand as standard behavior.

  [05:21.16]In the United States, two men holding hands would indicate a romantic relationship.

  [05:28.31]Second, about eye contact.

  [05:31.75]Eye contact can indicate degree of attention or interest.

  [05:36.73]It can be used to indicate attraction,

  [05:39.82]to establish power, indicate emotion, and influence attitude.

  [05:45.67]Some western cultures perceive direct eye contact as a positive trait.

  [05:52.20]Children are encouraged to look the person addressing them in the eye.

  [05:57.18]However, in a country as diverse as the USA, that is not a universal truth.

  [06:04.29]African-Americans tend to use more eye contact when they are speaking,

  [06:09.33]but less when they are listening;

  [06:12.01]Anglo-Americans tend to use more eye contact when listening,

  [06:16.42]but less when speaking.

  [06:19.04]Attitudes in Northern Europe such as Spain, France and Germany,

  [06:24.20]tend to be similar to the Anglo-American norms for eye-contact in the US.

  [06:30.11]However, eye-contact in those areas has more flirtatious facets than in the US.

  [06:37.83]In the Middle East, many cultures make prolonged eye contact when in conversation.

  [06:44.30]They believe it shows interest

  [06:46.29]and allows them to read the truthfulness of the person with whom they're speaking.

  [06:51.40]That said, religious laws change the rules about what is appropriate

  [06:56.67]in terms of eye-contact between a man and woman.

  [07:00.84]In certain parts of Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia

  [07:05.94]avoiding eye contact is the way to show respect.

  [07:10.43]Extended eye-contact in these cultures

  [07:13.66]may be taken as disrespectful or a challenge to authority.

  [07:19.83]Thirdly, about physical contact.

  [07:23.38]Different cultures have different rules for physical contact.

  [07:28.06]Norms for the type of contact, the length of contact

  [07:31.92]and the persons involved in contact vary.

  [07:36.02]Upon encountering an individual, even a stranger,

  [07:40.13]Americans shake hands as the norms.

  [07:43.74]In certain situations, hugging upon meeting is acceptable.

  [07:48.41]Some American women will greet each other with a kiss.

  [07:52.70]A peck on the cheek is acceptable between men and women.

  [07:57.69]American women will shake hands in business situations,

  [08:01.75]but are likely to hug in social situations outside of the workplace.

  [08:07.60]In certain demographics, the "hand bump" has become the proper greeting.

  [08:13.34]Islamic cultures generally do not approve of touching between genders,

  [08:18.57]though many Islamic men who do business internationally

  [08:22.62]have learned to adopt more western customs in dealing with women.

  [08:27.75]Touching on the hood is considered disrespectful by African Americans.

  [08:33.54]Many Asian cultures do not allow touching on the head

  [08:37.52]as it houses the soul and a touch on the head can put the soul in peril.

  [08:44.13]Next, about odors.

  [08:46.51]Some cultures such as Filipino, Malay, Indonesian, Thai and Indian think

  [08:54.31]that Americans do not bathe sufficiently.

  [08:57.92]Americans have multibillion dollar industries to protect them from bodily odors.

  [09:03.89]Other cultures think Americans are ridiculous and consider bodily odors more normal.

  [09:10.81]Last but not least, about time.

  [09:14.42]Anyone who has travelled by train in Europe knows

  [09:18.04]that in certain countries like Switzerland, Germany and Sweden,

  [09:22.59]trains run on exact schedules.

  [09:25.76]In other countries, train schedules seem to be mere suggestions.

  [09:30.86]There are cultures that value punctuality more than others.

  [09:35.70]The French protect their 36 hour work week jealously.

  [09:40.74]For many Europeans, 6 weeks of vacation is the norm.

  [09:45.28]Americans consider two weeks the norm.

  [09:48.89]OK. I've outlined five aspects of non-verbal communication across cultures.

  [09:55.82]As globalization continues, people from around the world connect more easily.

  [10:01.85]Though we master one another's language,

  [10:04.34]there is more to how we communicate than just the words we speak.

  [10:09.38]I hope these tips will help you in your future encounters with foreign friends.

  [10:18.10]Now you have THREE minutes to check your work.

  [13:22.88]This is the end of Section A MINI-LECTURE.

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