2019英语专八听力mini lecture全真模拟训练MP3附文本（十二）

2019英语专八听力mini lecture全真模拟训练MP3附文本（十二）

　　2019专八考试临近，寒假期间专八考生们也别松懈了对专八听力的训练，新东方在线专八频道整理了2019英语专八听力mini lecture全真模拟训练MP3附文本，希望大家认真复习。

2019英语专八听力mini lecture全真模拟训练MP3附文本汇总

　　[00:10.12]TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS--GRADE EIGHT

　　[00:13.51]Section A MINI-LECTURE

　　[00:16.97]In this section you will hear a mini-lecture.

　　[00:20.29]You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY.

　　[00:23.73]While listening to the mini-lecture,

　　[00:25.82]please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE

　　[00:30.29]and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.

　　[00:34.70]Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically

　　[00:39.23]and semantically acceptable.

　　[00:41.85]You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.

　　[00:45.67]You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.

　　[01:19.89]Now, listen to the mini-lecture.

　　[01:22.30]When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes

　　[01:25.05]to check your work.

　　[01:26.79]Cross-Cultural Communication

　　[01:29.52]Good morning, everyone.

　　[01:31.97]Today we are going to talk about cross-cultural communication.

　　[01:36.14]As we know, multiculturalism is a reality in North America

　　[01:40.94]and for those of us who do business globally.

　　[01:43.87]The US has more legal immigrants yearly

　　[01:47.18]than all the other countries in the world combined.

　　[01:50.74]Also there are vast cultural differences

　　[01:53.48]among "native" North Americans living in the US and Canada for several generations,

　　[01:59.83]as you know if you've done business with a New Yorker or with a Texan.

　　[02:05.24]Culture is not ethnic or racial. It is learned and of course each culture is different.

　　[02:11.76]Treat everyone like a unique individual, as you would like to be treated,

　　[02:17.42]don't get hung up on stereotypes.

　　[02:20.47]Develop your emotional intelligence so you can be more intuitive

　　[02:25.20]about how to communicate with, negotiate with,

　　[02:29.42]and provide services and products for people from cultural backgrounds

　　[02:33.87]other than your own.

　　[02:35.92]I offer some tips below, and yet they are not universal in all cultures,

　　[02:42.45]but I am sure they are helpful to a lesser or greater degree.

　　[02:47.43]1. I repeat, do not expect everyone in a culture to be the same!

　　[02:54.28]2. In South Texas, if you're talking to a male,

　　[02:58.63]they will often stand at a 90 degree angle to you.

　　[03:02.51]If you move to reorient, a "dance" will begin.

　　[03:06.94]This is a markedly non-intimate position,

　　[03:10.24]and often the eyes are cast down to the floor or out across the floor.

　　[03:16.65]South Texans generally say "Pleased to know you,"

　　[03:21.00]while Mid Westerners say, "Pleased to meet you"

　　[03:24.61]or "Pleased to make your acquaintance."

　　[03:27.49]In social settings in South Texas, it is not customary to shake hands with women.

　　[03:33.48]Other San Antonio cultural customs —

　　[03:36.71]in San Antonio society, we have the haute hug —

　　[03:41.75]two women will parody a hug, not touching any part of their bodies,

　　[03:47.35]and just patting one another lightly on the back.

　　[03:50.71]As a sign of affection, when you shake hands,

　　[03:53.47]sometimes you cover the other person's hand with your left hand

　　[03:57.39]and pat or squeeze with warm eye contact.

　　[04:00.94]This is particularly done with respected older people.

　　[04:05.41]3. People from Asian cultures bow in greeting, but the bows are different.

　　[04:11.82]People from Cambodia and Laos

　　[04:14.80]bow with both hands together in front of the chest, as if praying.

　　[04:20.15]In Japan, the depth of the bow signifies the level of respect for the other party.

　　[04:26.37]Many Koreans prefer bowing and if they shake hands,

　　[04:30.10]the right hand is supported at the wrist by the left hand to show respect.

　　[04:35.53]Thais bow with palms together about chest-high with their fingers outstretched.

　　[04:41.63]And, there are exceptions.

　　[04:44.18]The Taiwanese usually nod the head in recognition rather than bow.

　　[04:50.59]4. Some cultures naturally greet by hugging.

　　[04:55.76]Native Hawaiians hug each other, exchanging breaths.

　　[05:00.28]The custom is called "ha."

　　[05:02.90]Ancient Hawaiians, incidentally, actually bumped heads together.

　　[05:07.81]Greeks and Italians often hug with or without shaking hands first.

　　[05:13.85]5. Some cultures kiss!

　　[05:17.40]If your Cuban male client kisses you on the cheek,

　　[05:20.94]you know you've made the short list.

　　[05:23.68]Immigrant men from the Middle East often shake hands with a slight nod or bow

　　[05:29.16]and then exchange kisses on both cheeks.

　　[05:32.27]Men from the Middle East usually don't shake hands with women,

　　[05:36.25]nor do they introduce the woman with them.

　　[05:39.67]Do not attempt to shake hands with a Middle Eastern woman unless —

　　[05:44.34]and here's where the EQ comes in — she extends her hand to you.

　　[05:49.26]Men in Eastern Europe, Portugal, Spain and Italy

　　[05:53.86]will often kiss male friends on the cheek.

　　[05:57.10]6. Postures also have meaning.

　　[06:01.01]Ready to settle in with your Middle Eastern client?

　　[06:04.07]You may be most comfortable sitting back in your chair and crossing your legs.

　　[06:09.35]Well, don't! In the Middle East,

　　[06:11.72]one of the most insulting things you can do is sit with your legs crossed

　　[06:16.09]so the bottoms of the feet are pointed in the other person's direction.

　　[06:20.66]The foot is the dirtiest part of the body

　　[06:23.53]and the sole of the shoe is the dirtiest of the low.

　　[06:27.51]To show someone the bottom of your foot or shoe means you're looking for a fight!

　　[06:33.73]7. Be aware that most of the world does not greet by shaking hands.

　　[06:40.53]Even handshaking cultures do it differently.

　　[06:43.76]Many Britons prefer a brief but firm handshake.

　　[06:48.37]The French prefer a light grip

　　[06:51.54]while sharing a single gentle shake that's quickly withdrawn.

　　[06:56.15]Germans will give a very firm handshake — just one "pump" then quick withdrawal.

　　[07:02.74]More than one shake with Germans or French is considered aggressive.

　　[07:07.78]8. A final tip for cultural communication: mirroring gestures.

　　[07:13.77]We begin with a polite word or two,

　　[07:15.95]such as "Mr. and Mrs. Takida, it's so nice to meet you at last,"

　　[07:21.61]and then hesitate for a moment to see what they want to do and are comfortable with.

　　[07:26.78]Then mirror their gesture, be it bow, hand shake, hug or nothing!

　　[07:32.61]Use your intuition! When in doubt, err on the side of conservatism.

　　[07:38.21]Also, you may want to bear in mind

　　[07:40.76]the other person may be trying to accommodate your culture,

　　[07:44.37]so don't assume they will use their traditional greeting.

　　[07:48.04]For example, if you start first, for instance bowing,

　　[07:51.72]and then see a hand extended for a shake, and switch to that,

　　[07:55.64]the other person will then have switched to a bow and this becomes awkward.

　　[08:00.68]For many cultures such "awkwardness"

　　[08:03.49]will kill the relationship early on, which means the deal is off.

　　[08:08.16]All right. I am sure you have a lot to digest for today.

　　[08:12.45]Wherever you come from, I am sure

　　[08:14.51]we would resolve our misunderstandings by communications.

　　[08:18.55]That's why the main purpose and function of cross-cultural communication

　　[08:23.40]is to accommodate the diversity of cultures.

　　[08:27.76]Now you have THREE minutes to check your work.

　　[11:31.88]This is the end of Section A MINI-LECTURE.

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