2019英语专八听力mini lecture全真模拟训练MP3附文本（十六）

2019英语专八听力mini lecture全真模拟训练MP3附文本（十六）

　　2019专八考试临近，寒假期间专八考生们也别松懈了对专八听力的训练，新东方在线专八频道整理了2019英语专八听力mini lecture全真模拟训练MP3附文本，希望大家认真复习。

2019英语专八听力mini lecture全真模拟训练MP3附文本汇总

　　[00:10.12]TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS--GRADE EIGHT

　　[00:13.51]Section A MINI-LECTURE

　　[00:16.97]In this section you will hear a mini-lecture.

　　[00:20.29]You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY.

　　[00:23.73]While listening to the mini-lecture,

　　[00:25.82]please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE

　　[00:30.29]and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.

　　[00:34.70]Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically

　　[00:39.23]and semantically acceptable.

　　[00:41.85]You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.

　　[00:45.67]You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.

　　[01:19.89]Now, listen to the mini-lecture.

　　[01:22.30]When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes

　　[01:25.05]to check your work.

　　[01:27.22]Cross Cultural Business Presentations

　　[01:30.58]Good morning, everyone.

　　[01:32.08]Today, we will continue our discussion about cultural influence on business.

　　[01:37.99]Precisely, we shall talk about cross cultural presentations.

　　[01:42.59]The international flavour of many people's jobs naturally means

　　[01:47.01]that there is greater interaction between people from different cultures.

　　[01:51.24]Within the business environment,

　　[01:53.05]understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people

　　[01:57.52]is critical to ensuring that interpersonal communication is successful.

　　[02:03.50]Intercultural awareness is necessary for two reasons.

　　[02:07.50]Firstly, it minimises the possibility of misunderstandings

　　[02:11.93]and/or the causing of offense through intercultural mishaps.

　　[02:17.30]Secondly, it is a means to maximising the potential of business relationships

　　[02:22.15]through the utilization of intercultural differences productively.

　　[02:27.25]One area within the business environment

　　[02:29.56]in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in the business presentation.

　　[02:35.78]Directors, managers, salespeople, consultants and business personnel

　　[02:41.19]are regularly required to deliver presentations.

　　[02:44.93]However, when one is asked to give a presentation

　　[02:48.39]to an audience from a different culture

　　[02:50.88]there are intercultural factors that can hinder the success of a presentation.

　　[02:56.36]By way of illustrating some of the intercultural differences in presentations,

　　[03:00.84]I am going to offer eight tips to help with the effective cross cultural presentations.

　　[03:07.37]1. Language.

　　[03:09.86]The language you use in a cross cultural presentation is important.

　　[03:14.65]Although the majority of the language that is used in a cross cultural presentation

　　[03:19.63]will be understood by an English speaking foreign audience,

　　[03:23.44]a speaker must be careful when it comes to slang, idioms or phrases.

　　[03:28.79]If an Englishman was to talk of being "knocked for six" or "bowled over"

　　[03:33.72]he may very well be met with puzzled expressions.

　　[03:38.02]More subtly, when an American talks of a "billion" he means a thousand million,

　　[03:44.01]whereas in the UK this would mean a million million.

　　[03:48.00]Try and keep language simple.

　　[03:51.36]2. Body Language.

　　[03:54.10]Pay attention to your body language in a cross cultural presentation.

　　[03:58.64]Some cultures are quite animated and will appreciate hand gestures

　　[04:03.19]and the expression of emotion through the body.

　　[04:07.04]Others expect speakers to remain calm and would find such behaviour over the top.

　　[04:13.08]Similarly pay attention to the use of gestures.

　　[04:17.37]The thumbs up may mean "good" in the USA

　　[04:20.73]but it means something very different in Iran.

　　[04:23.97]Eye contact can also be a major intercultural difference.

　　[04:28.14]Some cultures consider strong eye contact a sign of sincerity,

　　[04:33.05]others find it overbearing and an invasion of privacy.

　　[04:37.22]Do your cross cultural homework before a presentation.

　　[04:41.58]3. Time.

　　[04:44.25]Be aware of different approaches to time across cultures.

　　[04:48.61]Some cultures prefer a structured, timetabled approach to conducting business affairs,

　　[04:54.48]others are more casual.

　　[04:56.61]Countries where a start time is considered a guide rather than a definite,

　　[05:01.71]allow time for networking or engaging in some chit chat until others arrive.

　　[05:07.74]Oppositely, if you arrive late to a meeting in a punctual culture,

　　[05:12.41]expect some negative feedback.

　　[05:15.09]Always show the appropriate stiffness or flexibility depending on the culture.

　　[05:21.00]4. Emotions.

　　[05:24.24]Some cross cultural presentations may be in front of a small number of people

　　[05:29.15]and deal with sensitive issues in a pressured environment.

　　[05:33.20]In such intercultural situations one should always keep their emotions in check.

　　[05:39.17]In some cultures a certain amount of cross examination or scrutiny may occur.

　　[05:44.58]If this happens bear in mind the positive intentions behind such actions,

　　[05:50.68]i.e. the questions are only being posed to establish facts, not to undermine you.

　　[05:56.84]Never lose patience, show frustration or display anger.

　　[06:01.38]To do so will lead to a loss of credibility.

　　[06:05.86]5. Style of Presentation.

　　[06:09.10]Different cultures learn and take in information in varying ways.

　　[06:14.76]One should always try and tailor their presentation style

　　[06:18.25]to meet the needs of the target culture.

　　[06:21.05]Some cultures, such as Europeans, prefer information to be presented in detail

　　[06:26.52]and in a way that sets down foundations

　　[06:29.32]that act as the support to a final argument or point.

　　[06:33.49]In such a presentation the speaker should gradually lead the audience,

　　[06:37.72]using a logical succession of points, to a conclusion.

　　[06:41.95]On the other hand, some cultures, like the US, prefer a much faster paced presentation

　　[06:48.18]that is bottom-line orientated,

　　[06:50.60]meaning the presenter speaks from a point rather towards a point.

　　[06:56.33]6. Use of Technology.

　　[06:59.69]Power Point is not the default method of giving a presentation across the world.

　　[07:04.60]Some countries may not even have the technical capabilities to accommodate this

　　[07:10.45]so one would need to adapt to the resources at hand,

　　[07:14.06]whether it be an Over Head Projector or blackboard.

　　[07:17.80]Some cultures do not even like a visual element in presentations

　　[07:21.90]and find much more worth in words and personality.

　　[07:26.07]7. Content.

　　[07:28.50]In a cross cultural presentation,

　　[07:30.61]ensure you tailor the content of a presentation to the audience.

　　[07:35.09]Different cultures expect different things from a business presentation.

　　[07:39.70]Long term orientated cultures may be excited about future projections and figures,

　　[07:45.86]but others would rather learn more

　　[07:48.62]about the presenter's credentials, accomplishments and experience.

　　[07:53.80]A presenter needs to ask whether the target culture will appreciate

　　[07:58.66]factual, statistical information presented visually,

　　[08:02.64]or a more personal oratory approach.

　　[08:05.81]8. Audience Participation.

　　[08:09.06]Audiences react in different ways across cultures.

　　[08:12.92]Some are very engaging and are willing to participate in exercises and Q&A sessions,

　　[08:19.52]others are the opposite.

　　[08:21.63]Audiences also show respect in many ways.

　　[08:25.30]A Japanese audience may close their eyes while listening;

　　[08:29.35]a US one may clap when a good point is made

　　[08:33.23]and a Saudi one may do nothing at all.

　　[08:36.97]Well, we all know that the number of areas

　　[08:39.88]where one could point to intercultural differences in presentations is vast,

　　[08:45.42]but for the sake of brevity I just highlighted the areas mentioned above

　　[08:49.96]as a way of drawing attention to some of the major ones.

　　[08:53.94]I hoped these can act as a foundation to improving ones insight

　　[08:57.93]into the way intercultural differences manifest in the business environment.

　　[09:05.02]Now you have THREE minutes to check your work.

　　[12:08.88]This is the end of Section A MINI-LECTURE.

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