2019专四语言知识题必考五点语法知识

2019专四语言知识题必考五点语法知识

　　2019英语专四第三部分“语言知识”题的性价比最高，仅需10分钟，对20个单句做选择题便可拿到20分——同是20分，你要挣扎35分钟完成3篇阅读理解(10个选择和5个简答)、或奋笔45分钟写完一篇作文。可谓是低投入、高收益，值得考生重视。

　　2019英语专四语言知识 Language Usage

　　该题型共20个小题：10个语法题，10个词汇题。在茫茫词海中预测10个词汇，不亚于大海里捞手机，但语法的范围是有限的，也是有“线”可寻的。

　　研究近年考题发现，语法题主要集中在虚拟语气(每年必考)、非谓语动词、主谓一致(琐碎但重要)、情态动词(难点)、反义疑问句、限定词、时态语态、倒装、各类从句、比较结构等。下面以其中几个语法点为例简要分析。

　　1虚拟语气

　　常考“坚决要命”型、would rather型、high time型的虚拟语气和虚拟语气的倒装形式。“坚决要命”型指句子的主句中带有表达“坚持、决定或决心、要求、命令”等意义的词语，从句使用should型的虚拟语气。

　　例如：

　　It is essential that he examine all the facts first. (2014)

　　Had it not been for your advice, I would have made the wrong decision. (2016)

　　It's getting late. I'd rather you left now. (2011)

　　值得注意的是，近几年出现新的趋势：在考查语言结构的基础上，加入了对句子所表达的语气、程度和深层语义的检测。比如2016年的第20小题：

　　The sentence "I wish I had been more careful in spending money." expresses the speaker's _____.

　　A. hope B. joy

　　C. regret D. relief

　　2主谓一致

　　多年来侧重考察集合名词(如cattle，police，family，audience )、学科(如politics，physics, statistics)、时间、金钱、距离作为整体表示总量(如20 miles，5 dollars，30 minutes)、either...or，neither...nor的就近原则等几个方面的主谓一致。近年的考题加强了综合性，看是一个小题，却能考察一个语法现象的几个小点。

　　例如：

　　Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? (2015)

　　A. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.

　　B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.

　　C. Either my sister or my brother is coming.

　　D. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.

　　3情态动词

　　情态动词对中国学生是一个难点，也是考察的重点。考察方式也从以往的选出正确的用词，提升到对情态动词所表达的内涵的深度理解。

　　例如：

　　Which of the following sentences express Willingness? (2012)

　　A. By now she will be eating dinner.

　　B. I shall never do that again.

　　C. You shall get a promotion.

　　D. My brother will help you with the luggage.

　　又如:

　　Which of the following sentences expresses a Fact?(2013)

　　Which of the following sentences indicates Possibility? (2014)

　　Sentence ___ expresses the highest degree of Possibility. (2016)

　　关于情态动词，建议关注should除了“应该”外，还常表示“竟然”和“万一”; shall可以用在第二、三人称后表命令、要求、规定和意愿;Shall we是提出suggestion，而Shall I...是提出offer;must表肯定的推测，can not表否定的推测。

　　4句法成分和语法概念

　　自2010年起，每年都会有几个题考察某个划线部分/斜体部分在句子中的所做的成分或者相互关系，所以考生要熟悉一些语法术语的英语表达，如subject，predicate，object，appositive，complement， adverbial of condition / concession / time，dynamic verb，stative verb，reflexive pronouns等。

　　例如：

　　Which of the following italicized parts indicates a predicate-object relationship? (2014)

　　A. He was reading Mary's letter in the room.

　　B. You can buy men's shoes in this shop.

　　C. Mrs. Blake's passport was lost.

　　D. The enemy's defeat brought the war to an end.

　　Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation? (2015)

　　A. The man has a large family to support.

　　B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.

　　C. He was the last guest to leave.

　　D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.

　　Which of the following is a stative verb? (2015)

　　A. drink B. close

　　C. rain D. belong

　　5限定词

　　限定词(determiners)也成为考察的热点，each，all, half，both，such，other，another，few，many，a bit等都在近年考题中出现。这些词看司空见惯，但是对它们在句子中的位置和使用的准确度，考生们仍有不扎实之处。

　　小结

　　语法部分无外乎虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、情态动词、反义疑问句、限定词、时态语态、倒装、各类从句、比较结构等十来个方面。上面五点是考试中出现频率较高，甚至每年必考的内容。其他几方面，考生可以仿照上面的方式，梳理近十年的考题，以点带面，以题促练，进行考前强化。

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