2020英语专八语法复习：代词的用法

2020英语专八语法复习：代词的用法

　　语法是英语专八的基础，专八语法知识贯穿在整个英语专八考卷的各个题型中。

　　英语专八语言知识题会直接考查语法知识;专八阅读理解题和专八翻译汉译英中有大量的长难句，这些句子只有具备一定的语法知识才能正确分析;专八作文中要写出正确无误的句子，也需要语法知识。这部分基础如果欠缺，其它的综合能力提高起来将会很慢，所以所有考生都务必重视英语专八语法的复习。

2020英语专八语法复习汇总

　　It的用法

　　1.作人称代词

　　John likes playing Pingpong./ He always does it in the afternoon.(指代上下文提到的事物);/It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer./ It's very quiet at the moment.(可指时间、天气、环境等)

　　2.引导词

　　A.作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。

　　It's important for us to learn a second language./ It's no use talking to him./ It's known to all that the earth goes round the sun.

　　B.作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。

　　We feel it our duty to help others./ He made it clear that he would leave the city.

　　C.强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分+that (或who)…

　　注意：在强调结构中，如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语，其后的连接词也绝不能为when 或where，而应用that 。在复习中，一定要注意句式的不同。

　　It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar.(that引起强调句)

　　It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar.(where引起定从)

　　It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there.(when引起时间状语从句)

　　It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there.(that 引起强调句)

　　3. it，one，that 的区别：作为代词，这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。

　　—Why don't we take a little break? —Didn't we just have __________?

　　A.it B.that C.one D.this

　　The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in.

　　A.they B.it C.one D.which

　　one 用以指代同类事物中的任一，that 特指性强，指代可数与不可数词，而it指代上文提过的同一事物。

　　不定代词

　　不定代词种类较多，用法各异，在使用中一定要注意区别。

　　1、both，either ，neither 都表两者范围，在句中作主语、宾语、定语 ，both可用作同位语。both 意为"两者都"，either 表"两者中任一个"，neither表"两者都不"。

　　2、any，none ，all 表三者或三者以上范围，any 表任何一个、一些(不可数或复数概念，用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中);none 表三者或三者以上中的哪一个都不;表示不可数物中的一点儿也没有;all 整个的;所有的(三者或三者以上);所有的(不可数)。

　　e.g.This book is a good seller，so you can buy it at any shop in Beijing./ None of us are/is perfect./ All of the village was flooded.

　　3、no one，nobody，none，nothing：no one，nobody表没有人，nothing 指没有什么事物，none 兼指人和物。none 着眼于数量概念。"特指的人或物一个也没有，一点儿也没有"。

　　—How many people are there in the hall ? —None.

　　—who wants to go with him ? —No one(Nobody).

　　—What can you see in the bottle ?—Nothing.

　　—Is there any water in it ?—None.

　　4、another，the other，the other+复数名词(或the others)，other (或other +复数名词)：another 表三者或三者以上范畴中的任一;与数词连用，表"再有";the other 表两者中的另外那个，特指;the other+复数名词(或the others)，另外那些，表示其余所有的人或物，用于特指;others (或other+复数名词)另一些，表余下人或物中的另一些，泛指。

　　—I don't like this，show me another one.

　　If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay_______$15.

　　A.another B.other C.more D.Each (A)

　　人称、物主、反身、指示代词

　　重点要求

　　1.掌握人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词、指示代词的基本用法。2.重点掌握不定代词的指代含义及数的情况，能通过语境准确选取答案。3.掌握it的基本用法。

　　一.人称代词

　　1)分清主格和宾格形式。

　　eg：—I love you more than her，child ./ —You mean more than ___love her or more than she loves____?

　　A. you;me B.I;you C.you;you D.I;me

　　2)注意约定俗成的用法。

　　—Who is it ? —It's me .—I'd like to have a rest .—Me，too.

　　3)使用we 和you 泛指一般人

　　4)使用she代表国家、船只、月亮、大地等

　　China is a great country.She has a long history.

　　5)并列主语或宾语中顺序是：you，he(she) and I; we，you and they

　　二.物主代词：名词性物主代词――在句中做主语、宾语、表语、补足语，构成双重所有格：a friend of mine 。形容词性物主代词――只能起定语作用。

　　三.反身代词

　　1) 在句中作宾语、表语和同位语;2)单复数的确定;3)在一些语境中的特殊含义。

　　e.g. I'm not quite myself today.我今天不大舒服。/ Make yourself at home.不要拘礼;请随便吧。 / Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like.别紧张，喜欢吃什么就吃什么。/ Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快吗?

　　四.指示代词

　　(一)this，that，these those

　　1.在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

　　2.this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物，而that (those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine.

　　3.this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物，而that(those)常指前面讲到的事物。e.g. What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing./ He didn't come.That is why he didn't know.

　　4.that，those 常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。e.g. The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995.( that 代替oil output) / The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany.

　　(二)such

　　such引起倒装句，谓语数取决于后面主语的数：e.g Such is my answer./ Such are our people.

　　做定语，注意和so 的区别，尤其是在so …that， such…that 句型中。e.g. I have never seen such beautiful flowers.(复数名词前，so 不可) / I have never seen such a great film.(也可为so great a film) / We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing.(不可数词前，不可用so) / There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him.(在数量概念的many，much，little，few 之前，不可用such )

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