2000年英语专八真题及答案

　　Part Ⅱ Proofreading and Error Correction (15 min)

　　The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and wri te the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash "/' and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.

　　Example

　　When∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an

　　it never/ buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never

　　them on the wall. When a natural history museum 

　　wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibit

　　 The grammatical words which play so large a part in English

　　grammar are for the most part sharply and obviously different 1.___

　　from the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which may

　　seem the most obvious is that grammatical words have "less

　　meaning", but in fact some grammarians have called them 2.___

　　"empty" words as opposed in the "full" words of vocabulary. 3.___

　　But this is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction. 4.___

　　Although a word like the is not the name of something as man is,

　　it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a sharp 5.___

　　difference in meaning between "man is vile" and "the man is

　　vile", yet the is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning. 6.___

　　Moreover, grammatical words differ considerably among

　　themselves as the amount of meaning they have, even in the 7.___

　　lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been

　　"little words". But size is by no mean a good criterion for 8.___

　　distinguishing the grammatical words of English, when we

　　consider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart 9.___

　　from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what some

　　people say: we certainly do create a great number of obscurity 10.___

　　when we omit them. This is illustrated not only in the poetry of

　　Robert Browning but in the prose of telegrams and newspaper headlines.

　　Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 min)

　　SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 min)

　　In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.

　　TEXT A

　　Despite Denmark's manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they a re to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance , the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgen ce of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, "Denmark is a great country." You're supposed to figure this out for yo urself.

　　It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budg et goes toward smoothing out life's inequalities, and there is plenty of money f or schools, day care, retraining programmes, job seminars-Danes love seminars: t hree days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs-there is no Danish Academy to defend against it -old dialects persist in Jutland that can barel y be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes," Fe w have too much and fewer have too little, "and a foreigner is struck by the swe e t egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It' s a nation of recyclers-about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new- and no nuclear power plants. It's a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.

　　Such a nation of overachievers - a brochure from the Ministry of Busines s and Industry says, "Denmark is one of the world's cleanest and most organize d countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most c orruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. "So, of course, one's heart l ifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings("Foreigne r s Out of Denmark! "), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slu mped in the park. 

　　Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it co mes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nic e clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. Peopl e stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it's 2 a.m. a n d there's not a car in sight. However, Danes don' t think of themselves as a w ai nting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people——that's how they see Swedes and Ge r mans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is( though one should not say it)that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few n atural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.

　　The orderliness of the society doesn't mean that Danish lives are less me s sy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear ple nty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society c an not exempt its members from the hazards of life.

　　But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn't feel bad f o r taking what you're entitled to, you're as good as anyone else. The rules of th e welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your jo b, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest witho ut a sense of crisis.

　　16. The author thinks that Danes adopt a ___ attitude towards their country.

　　A. boastful B. modest C. deprecating D. mysterious

　　17. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the pa ssage?

　　A. Fondness of foreign culture. B. Equality in society. C. Linguistic tolerance. D. Persistent planning.

　　18. The author's reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business a nd Industry is ___.

　　A. disapproving B. approving C. noncommittal D. doubtful

　　19. According to the passage, Danish orderliness ___.

　　A. sets the people apart from Germans and Swedes

　　B. spares Danes social troubles besetting other people

　　C. is considered economically essential to the country

　　D. prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles

　　20. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that ___.

　　A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefits

　　B. Danes take for granted what is given to them

　　C. the open system helps to tide the country over

　　D. orderliness has alleviated unemployment

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