1996年英语专业八级考试真题（附听力mp3及答案）

　　TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (1996) GRADE EIGHT

　　PAPER ONE

　　PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN)

　　In sections A , B and C, you will hear everythingONCE ONLY, listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the correct response foreach question on your Colored Answer Sheet.

　　SECTION A TALK

　　Questions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. Atthe end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds toanswer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk.

　　1. The speaker thinks that .

　　A. car causes pollution only in some cities

　　B. 60% of the cities are affected by car pollution

　　C. 90% of the city residents suffer from car pollution

　　D. car is the main contributing factor in polluting air

　　2. Which of the following is not mentioned as a cause of car pollution?

　　A. Car tyres. B. Car engines. C. Car horns. D. Car brakes.

　　3. Which of the following is not cited as a means to reduce the number of cars?

　　A. To pass laws to control the use of cars.

　　B. To improve public transport systems.

　　C. To increase car tax and car price.

　　D. To construct effective subway systems.

　　4. One of the mechanical solutions to car pollution is .

　　A. to change the mechanical structure of fuel

　　B. to improve on the exhaust pipe

　　C. to experiment with new engines

　　D. to monitor the amount of chemicals

　　5. According to the speaker. a sensible way to solve car pollution is that we should

　　A. focus on one method only

　　B. explore some other alternatives

　　C. improve one of the four methods

　　D. integrate all of the four methods

　　-

　　SECTION B INTERVIEW

　　Questions 6 to 10 are based on an interview with an architect. At the end of the interviewyou will be given 13 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to theinterview.

　　6. The interviewee's first job was with .

　　A. a newspaper B. the government

　　C a construction firm D. a private company

　　7. The interviewee is not self-employed mainly because .

　　A. his wife likes him to work for a firm

　　B. he prefers working for the government

　　C. self-employed work is very demanding

　　D. self-employed work is sometimes insecure

　　8. To study architecture in a university one must .

　　A. be interested in arts B. study pure science first

　　C. get good exam results D. be good at drawing

　　9. On the subject of drawing, the interviewee says that .

　　A. technically speaking artists draw very well

　　B. an artist's drawing differs little from an architect's

　　C. precision is a vital skill for the architect

　　D. architects must be natural artists

　　10. The interviewee says that the job of an architect is ________ .

　　A. more theoretical than practical

　　B. to produce sturdy, well-designed buildings

　　C. more practical than theoretical

　　D. to produce attractive, interesting buildings

　　SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

　　Questions 11 to 12 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will begiven 30 seconds to answer the two questions. Now listen to the news.

　　11. The man was convicted for .

　　A. dishonesty B. manslaughter C. murder D. having a gun

　　12. Which of the following is TRUE?

　　A. Mark Eastwood had a license for a revolver.

　　B. Mark Eastwood loved to go to noisy parties.

　　C. Mark Eastwood smashed the windows of a house.

　　D. Mark Eastwood had a record.

　　Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will begiven 45 seconds to answer the three questions. Now listen to the news.

　　13. How many missing American servicemen have been positively confirmed dead in

　　Vietnam so far?

　　A. 67. B. 280. C. 84. D. 1,648.

　　14. According to the search operation commander, the recovery of the missing

　　Americans is slowed down because .

　　A. the weather conditions are unfavorable

　　B. the necessary documents are unavailable

　　C. the sites are inaccessible

　　D. some local people are greedy

　　15. According to the news, Vietnam may be willing to help American mainly because of .

　　A. its changed policy towards America

　　B. recent international pressure

　　C. its desire to have the US trade embargo lifted

　　D. the impending visit by a senior US military officer

　　SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING

　　In this section you will hear a mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take noteson the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paperfor note-taking. Fill in each of the gaps with one word. You may refer to your notes. Make surethe word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.

　　LAND USE

　　A problem related to the competition for land use is whether crops should be used toproduce food or fuel. (1) ______ areas will be examined in this respect. Firstly, the problemshould be viewed in its (2) ______ perspective. When oil prices rose sharply in the 1970s,countries had to look for alternatives to solve the resulting crisis.

　　In developing countries, one of the possible answers to it is to produce alcohol from (3) _____ material. This has led to a lot of research in this area particularly in the use of (4) ______. The use of this material resulted from two economic reasons: a (5) ______ in its priceand low (6)_____ costs.

　　There are other starchy plants that can be used to produce alcohol, like the sweet (7) _____or the cassava plant in tropical regions, and (8) ______ and sugar beet in non-tropicalregions. The problem with these plants is that they are also the people's staple food in manypoor countries.

　　Therefore, farmers there are faced with a choice: crops for food or for fuel. And farmersnaturally go for what is more (9) ______. As a result, the problems involved are economic innature, rather than technological. This is my second area under consideration. Finally, therehave already been practical applications of using alcohol for fuel. Basically, they come in twoforms of use: pure alcohol as is the case in (10)______, and a combination of alcohol andgasoline known as gasohol in Germany.

　　(1) ______ (2) ______ (3) ______ (4) ______ ( 5 ) ______

　　(6) ______ (7) ______ (8) ______ (9) ______ (10) ______

　　PART II PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)

　　The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error andthree are free from error. In each case, only one word is involved. You should proofread thepassage and correct it in the following way.?

　　For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided atthe end of the line.?

　　For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the wordyou believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.?

　　For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the wordin the blank provided at the end of the line.?

　　If the line is correct, place a V in the blank provided at the end of the line

　　Example

　　When ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an

　　It never buys things in finished form and bangs (2) never

　　them on the wall. When a natural history museum (3) v

　　wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (4) exhibit

　　WATER

　　The second most important constituent of the biosphere is

　　liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of

　　temperatures, since water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C . This is

　　only a tiny range compared with the low temperatures of some other planets and the hotinterior of the earth, let the temperatures (1)____

　　of the sun.

　　As we know, life would only be possible on the face of a (2)_____

　　planet had temperatures somewhere within this range. (3)_____

　　The earth's supply of water probably remains quite fairly (4)_____

　　constant in quantity. A certain number of hydrogen atoms, which

　　are one of the main constituents of water, are lost by escaping

　　from the atmosphere to out space, but they are probably just (5)_____

　　about replaced by new water rising away from the depths of the (6)_____

　　earth during volcanic action. The total quantity of water is not

　　known, and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe (7) _____

　　to a depth of about two and three-quarter kms. Most of it -97%

　　- is in the form of the salt waters of the oceans. The rest is

　　fresh, but three quarter of this is in the form of ice at the Poles (8)_____

　　and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems when (9)_____

　　melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat fewer than (10)____

　　1% of the whole, there is 10—20 times as much stored as

　　underground water as is actually on the surface. There is also a

　　minor, but extremely important, fraction of the water supply

　　which is present as water vapor in the atmosphere.

　　PART III READING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN)

　　SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)

　　In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choicequestions. Read the passages carefully and then mark your answers on your Colored AnswerSheet.

　　TEXT A

　　STAYING HEALTHY ON HOLIDAY

　　Do people who choose to go on exotic, far-flung holidays deserve free healthy advice beforethey travel? And even if they pay, who ensures that they get good, up-to-date information?Who, for that matter, should collect that information in the first place? For a variety ofreasons, travel medicine in Britain is a responsibility nobody wants. As a result, many travelersgo abroad ill prepared to avoid serious disease.

　　Why is travel medicine so unloved? Partly there's an identity problem. Because it takes aninterest in anything that impinges on the health of travelers, this emerging medical specialisminvariably cuts across the traditional disciplines. It delves into everything from seasickness,jet lag and the hazards of camels to malaria and plague. But travel medicine has a more seriousobstacle to overcome. Travel clinics are meant to tell people how to avoid ending up dead orin a tropical diseases hospital when they come home. But it is notoriously difficult to getanybody pay out money for keeping people healthy.

　　Travel medicine has also been colonized by commercial interests - - the vast majority oftravel clinics in Britain are run by airlines or travel companies. And while travel concerns arehappy to sell profitable injections, they may be less keen to spread bad news about travelers'diarrhea in Turkey, or to take the time to spell out preventive measures travelers could take. "The NHS finds it difficult to define travelers' health," says Ron Behrens, the only NHSconsultant in travel and tropical medicine and director of the travel clinic of the Hospital forTropical Diseases in London. "Should it come within the NHS or should it be paid for? It's a greyarea, and opinion is split. No one seems to have any responsibility for defining its role," hesays.

　　To compound its low status in the medical hierarchy, travel medicine has to rely on statisticsthat are patchy at best. In most cases we just don't know how many Britons contract diseaseswhen abroad. And even if a disease is linked to travel there is rarely any information aboutwhere those afflicted went, what they ate, how they behaved, or which vaccinations they had.This shortage of hard facts and figures makes it difficult to give detailed advice to people,information that might even save their lives.

　　A recent leader in the British Medical Journal argued: "Travel medicine will emerge as a crediblediscipline only if the risks encountered by travelers and the relative benefits of public healthinterventions are well defined in terms of their relative occurrence, distribution and control. " Exactly how much money is wasted by poor travel advice? The real figure is anybody's guess,but it could easily run into millions. Behrens gives one example. Britain spends more than ￡1million each year just on cholera vaccines that often don't work and so give people a false senseof security: "Information on the prevention and treatment of all forms of diarrhea would be abetter priority", he says.

　　16. Travel medicine in Britain is .

　　A. not something anyone wants to run

　　B. the responsibility of the government

　　C. administered by private doctors

　　D. handled adequately by travel agents

　　17. The main interest of travel companies dealing with travel medicine is to .

　　A. prevent people from falling ill B. make money out of it

　　C. give advice on specific countries D. get the government to pay for it

　　18. In Behren's opinion the question of who should run travel medicine .

　　A. is for the government to decide B. should be left to specialist hospitals

　　C. can be left to travel companies D. has no clear and simple answer

　　19. People will only think better of travel medicine if .

　　A. it is given more resources by the government

　　B. more accurate information on its value is available

　　C. the government takes over responsibility from the NHS

　　D. travelers pay more attention to the advice they get

　　TEXT B

　　THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SOCIAL PSYCHOIXJGY

　　While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western tradition,its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon. Onereason for the striking upsurge of social psychology in the United States lies in the pragmatictradition of this country. National emergencies and conditions of social disruption providespecial incentive to invent new techniques, and to strike out boldly for solutions to practicalsocial problems. Social psychology began to flourish soon after the First World War. Thisevent, followed by the great depression of the 1930s, by the rise of Hitler, the genocide ofJews, race riots, the Second World War and the atomic threat, stimulated all branches ofsocial science. A special challenge fell to social psychology. The question was asked: How is itpossible to preserve the values of freedom and individual rights under condition of mountingsocial strain and regimentation? Can science help provide an answer? This challengingquestion led to a burst of creative effort that added much to our understanding of thephenomena of leadership, public opinion, rumor, propaganda, prejudice, attitude change,morale, communication, decision-making, race relations, and conflicts of war.

　　Reviewing the decade that followed World War II , Cartwright [1961] speaks of the "excitementand optimism" of American social psychologists, and notes "the tremendous increase in thetotal number of people calling themselves social psychologists." Most of these, we may add,show little awareness of the history of their field.

　　Practical and humanitarian motives have always played an important part in the development ofsocial psychology, not only in American but in other lands as well. Yet there have beendiscordant and dissenting voices. In the opinion of Herbert Spencer in England, of LudwigGumplowicz in Austria, and of William Graham Sumner in the United States, it is both futile anddangerous for man to attempt to steer or to speed social change. Social evolution, theyargued, requires time and obeys laws beyond the control of man. The only practical service ofsocial science is to warn man not to interfere with the course of nature (or society). But theseauthors are in minority. Most social psychologists share with Comte an optimistic view ofman's chances to better his way of life. Has he not already improved his health via biologicalsciences? Why should he not better his social relationship via social science? For the pastcentury this optimistic outlook has persisted in the face of slender accomplishment to date.Human relations seem stubbornly set. Wars have not been abolished, labor troubles have notabated, and racial tensions are still with us. Give us time and give us money for research, theoptimists say.

　　20. Social psychology developed in the USA .

　　A. because its roots are intellectually western in origin

　　B. as a direct response to the great depression

　　C. to meet the threat of Adolf Hitler and his policy of mass genocide

　　D. because of its pragmatic traditions for dealing with social problem

　　21. According to the author, social psychology should help him to .

　　A. preserve individual rights B. become healthier

　　C. be aware of history D. improve material welfare

　　22. Who believed that man can influence social change for the good of society?

　　A. Cartwright. B. Spencer. C. Sumner. D. Comte.

　　TEXT C

　　GOD AND MY FATHER

　　I thought of God as a strangely emotional being. He was powerful; he was forgiving yetobdurate, full of warmth and affection. Both his wrath and affection were fitful, they cameand they went, and I couldn't count on either to continue: although they both always did. Inshort God was much such a being as my father himself.

　　What was the relation between them, 1 wondered — these two puzzling deities?

　　My father's ideas of religion seemed straightforward and simple. He had noticed when he wasa boy that there were buildings called churches; he had accepted them as a natural part of thesurroundings in which he had been born. He would never have invented such things himself.Nevertheless they were here. As he grew up he regarded them as unquestioningly as he didbanks. They were substantial old structures; they were respectable, decent, and venerable.They were frequented by the right sort of people. Well, that was enough.

　　On the other hand he never allowed churches — or banks — to dictate to him. He gave eachthe respect that was due to it from his point of view; but he also expected from each of themthe respect he felt due to him.

　　As to creeds, he knew nothing about them, and cared nothing either; yet he seemed to knowwhich sect he belonged with. It had to be a sect with the minimum of nonsense about it; nototal immersion, no exhorters. no holy confession. He would have been a Unitarian, naturally, ifhe'd lived in Boston. Since he was a respectable New Yorker; he belonged in the EpiscopalChurch.

　　As to living a spiritual life, he never tackled that problem. Some men who accept spiritualbeliefs try to live up to them daily: other men who reject such beliefs, try sometimes to smashthem. My father would have disagreed with both kinds entirely. He took a more distant attitude.It disgusted him where atheists attacked religion: he thought they were vulgar. But he alsoobjected to having religion make demands upon him he felt that religion was too vulgar, whenit tried to stir up men's feelings. It had its own proper field of activity, and it was all right there,of course; but there was one place religion should leave alone, and that was a man's soul. Heespecially loathed any talk of walking hand in hand with his Savior. And if he had ever found theHoly Ghost trying to soften his heart, he would have regarded its behavior as distinctlyuncalled for; even ungentlemanly.

　　23. The writer says his father's idea of religion seemed straightforward and simple because hisfather .

　　A. had been born in natural surroundings banks and churches

　　B. never really thought of God as having a real existence

　　C. regarded religion as acceptable as long as it did not interfere

　　D. regarded religion as a way that he could live a spiritual life

　　24. The writer's father would probably agree with the statement that

　　A. both spiritualists and atheists are vulgar

　　B. being aware of different creeds is important

　　C. religion should expect heart and soul devotion

　　D. churches like banks are not to be trusted

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