2015英语专四模拟题（5）

　　PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN)

　　82、根据以下资料，回答82-101题：

　　Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960's when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates.Even 15 years after-the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy's total receipts.

　　Recently federal polieymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate the development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting large, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies.In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of governmentsponsored venture capital.The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Businesses that have potential to become future suppliers of customers of the sponsoring company.

　　MESBICs (Minority Enterprise Small Businesses Intermediary Companies) are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job,specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available.Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation.

　　Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring c0rporations began to capitalize MESBICs far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed.MESBICs are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises.

　　Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations.The latter often still think mainly in terms of the "social responsibility approach" and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant.Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations.These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBICs and they are concerned that,unless a more prudent course is followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the Original SBA approach.

　　The SBA program failed to get an expected result in that __________

　　A.the program had difficulty in winning financial support from the government

　　B.the program didn't create a stable and sound investment environment

　　C.minority people are not willing to start their own business

　　D.minority entrepreneurs lack experience, good locations and enough capital

　　83、 According to the passage, the MESBIC approach differs from the SBA approach in that MESBICS __________

　　A.rely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses

　　B.attempt to maintain a steady rate of growth in the minority business sector

　　C.encourage minority businesses to take riskier deals

　　D.seek federal contracts to provide market for minority businesses

　　84、 MESBICs provide all the following EXCEPT __________

　　A.sufficient capital

　　B.management experience

　　C.favorable locations

　　D.potential markets

　　85、 MESBIC directors prefer riskier deals because they want to __________

　　A.generate more income

　　B.expand their businesses

　　C.undertake their duties for the society

　　D.demonstrate their actual strength

　　86、 What do MESBIC staffs feel about the investments preferred by some MESBIC directors?

　　A.Concerned.

　　B.Indifferent.

　　C.Irritated.

　　D.Shocked.

　　87、根据以下资料，回答87-106题：

　　The discovery of planets around distant stars has become like space-shuttle launches---newsworthy but just barely.With some 50 extrasolar planets under their belt, astronomers have to announce something really strange to get anyone's attention.

　　Last .week they did just that.Standing in front of colleagues and reporters at the American Astronomical Society's semiannual meeting in San Diego, the world's premier planet-hunting team--astronomer Geoffrey Marcy of the University of California, Berkeley, and his colleagues--presented not one but two remarkable finds.The first is a pair of planets, each about the mass of Jupiter, that whirl around their home star 15 light years from Earth in perfect lockstep.One takes 30 days to complete an orbit, the other exactly twice as long.Nobody has ever seen such a configuration.But the second discovery is far stranger--a solar system 123 light years away in the constellation Serpens, that harbors one "ordinary" planet and another so huge--17 times as massive as Jupiter--that nobody can quite figure out what it can be."It is," says Marcy, "a bit frightening."

　　What's frightening is that these discoveries make it clear how little astronomers know about planets, and they add to the dawning realization that our solar system--and by implication Planet Earth--may be a cosmic oddball.

　　For years theorists figured that other stars would have planets more or less like the ones going around the sun.But starting with the 1995 discovery of the first extrasolar planet--a gassy monster like Jupiter but orbiting seven times as close to its star as Mercury orbits around our sun---each new find has seemed stranger than the last.Searchers have found more "hot Jupiters" like that first discovery.These include huge planets that career around their stars not in circular orbits but in elongated ones; their gravity would send any Earthlike neighbors flying off into space.

　　Says Princeton astronomer Scott Tremaine: "Not a single prediction for what we'd find in other systems has turned out to be correct."

　　Last week's giant was the most unexpected-discovery yet.Conventional theory suggests that it must have formed like a star, from a collapsing cloud of interstellar gas.Its smaller compamon, only seven times Jupiter's nass, is almost certainly a planet, formed by the buildup of gas and dust left over from a star's formation.Yet the fact that these two orbs are so close together suggests to some theorists that they must have formed together—so a aybe the bigger one is a planet after all.

　　Or maybe astronomers will have to rethink their definition of "planet." Just because we put heavenly objects to categories doesn't mean the distinctions are necessarily valid.And as Tremaine puts it, "When your lassification schemes start breaking down, you know you're learning something exciting.This is wonderful tuff."

　　The author believes that

　　A.there is little for astronomers to discover now

　　B.the public has no interest in astronomical discoveries

　　C.astronomers have been making a lot of discoveries of planets

　　D.the discovery of planets is as important as the launch of space shuttles

　　88、 Why are the two finds by Geoffrey Marcy and his colleagues remarkable?

　　A.Because scientists cannot figure out what they can be.

　　B.Because astronomers have never seen similar orbiting pattern and size before.

　　C.Because the planets are very huge.

　　D.Because the planets are far from our solar system.

　　89、 By saying that our solar system "may be a cosmic oddball", the author suggests that

　　A.other stars have planets more or less like the one going around the sun

　　B.other stars have planets with bigger orbits

　　C.the way planets orbiting around the sun in our solar system is quite unique

　　D.planets in other systems have elongated orbits

　　90、 The case of the giant heavenly body implies that

　　A.it is either a star or a planet

　　B.it was formed like a star and orbits like a planet

　　C.it helps us change the definition of"planet"

　　D.it cannot be explained satisfactorily by conventional theory

　　91、 The best title for this passage could be __________

　　A.New Planetary Puzzlers

　　B."Hot Jupiters" Challenging Conventional Theory

　　C.A Redefinition of"Planet"

　　D.Two Remarkable Finds

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