专八人文知识需知的美国名人--《纽约先驱报》的创办者

专八人文知识需知的美国名人--《纽约先驱报》的创办者

　　英语专八人文知识涵盖的知识面较广，考生们需要平时多积累小常识，这样在专八考试中才能游刃有余，新东方在线整理了专八人文知识需知的美国名人系列知识点供考生们参考。

　　詹姆斯·戈登·贝内特一世(James Gordon Bennett,Sr.1795年9月1日-1872年6月1日)美国历史上的著名报人，18、19世纪美国便士报兴起时《纽约先驱报》的创始人。

　　As the founding publisher of The New York Herald, he inventedthe modern American newspaper.

　　作为《纽约先驱报》的创办者，他打造了现代美国报纸。

　　James Gordon Bennett (1 September 1795 – 1 June 1872) wasthe founder, editor and publisher of the New York Herald and amajor figure in the history of American newspapers.

　　Born to a prosperous Catholic family in Newmill, Banffshire, Scotland, at 15 Bennett entered theCatholic seminary in Aberdeen, where he remained for four years. After leaving the seminary heread voraciously on his own and traveled throughout Scotland. In 1819 he joined a friend whowas sailing to North America. After four weeks they landed in Halifax, Nova Scotia, where Bennettbriefly worked as a schoolmaster till he had enough money to sail to Portland, Maine, where heagain taught school in the village of Addison, moving on to Boston by New Year's 1820. He workedas a proofreader and bookseller before the Charleston Courier hired him to translate Spanish newsreports. He moved to New York City in 1823 where he worked as a freelance paper writer andeditorial assistant.

　　In May 1835, Bennett began the Herald after years of failing to start a paper. In April 1836, itshocked readers with front–page coverage of the murder of prostitute Helen Jewett; Bennettconducted the first-ever newspaper interview for it. The Herald initiated a cash–in–advance policyfor advertisers, which became the industry standard. Bennett was also at the forefront of using thelatest technology to gather and report the news, and added illustrations produced from woodcuts.In 1839, Bennett was granted the first ever exclusive interview to a United States President, MartinVan Buren.

　　The Herald was officially independent in its politics, but endorsed William Henry Harrison, ZacharyTaylor, James K. Polk, Franklin Pierce, and John C. Frémont. Bennett supported James Buchananas tensions rose over slavery. He endorsed John C. Breckinridge for the 1860 presidentialcampaign, then shifted to John Bell. He promoted George B. McClellan in 1864, but endorsed nocandidate. Although he opposed Abraham Lincoln, Bennett backed the Union, then took the leadto turn the president into a martyr after his assassination. He favored most of Andrew Johnson'sReconstruction proposals.

　　By the time Bennett turned control of the Herald over to his son James Gordon Bennett Jr. in1866, it had the highest circulation in America. However, under the younger Bennett'sstewardship, the paper declined, and, after his death, it was merged with its arch-rival, the NewYork Tribune.

　　The phrase "Gordon Bennett" which denotes exasperation or shock derives from the son, oramongst the FDNY where it is highest medal a New York City Firefighter can earn(compared to theMedal of Honor for the US Military), "That meal was so good, it should win the Gordon Bennett!"

　　He also has a street named for him from West 181st to Hillside Ave in Northern Manhattan a.k.a.Washington Heights, a park named in his honor is also along Fort Washington Ave.

　　Bennett's account of the Helen Jewett murder in the Herald was selected by The Library of Americafor inclusion in the 2008 anthology True Crime.

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