2001年英语专八阅读真题

　　TEXT G

　　First read the question.?

　　33. The following passage emphasizes the role of ___ in health conservation.?

　　A. advertising B. research C. governments D. taxation

　　Now go through TEXT G quickly to answer question 33.?

　　Most of the ill health we suffer could be prevented if people made more effo rt to change theirlife styles. Instead many people continue to smoke, to drink excessively and to eat unbalanceddiets. How can governments help people conserv e their health and avoid premature death??

　　Well, many of the measures which need to be taken are primarily a matter of new legislationand need not be expensive. One of the first preventive health m easures should be an increasein taxes on tobacco to the point at which consumpt ion falls off. The aim should be to raise thesame amount of revenue from a decr easing number of people. In the short term such a policycould even raise extra money which should then be spent on subsidizing sport so thatadvertising tobacc o through sports sponsorship could be banned.?

　　Legislation is badly needed to ban all advertising of tobacco products as i t persuades people tosmoke more and so is in a large part responsible for the i ll health and thousands of prematuredeaths caused by cancer of the lung. Other measures should be enforced, such as a muchtougher health warning on cigarette packets, and tobacco companies should be made tocontribute to research into a c ure for lung cancer.?

　　Alcoholism could be prevented by making wines, spirits and strong beers mor e expensive andthe revenue raised could be used to set up clinics to help the p eople who already have a drinkproblem and want to give up. Similarly all advert ising of alcohol should be banned andcompensation paid to families of alcoholic s who die of cirrhosis of the liver.? A country’s foodand agricultural policy should also be based on a coheren t health policy. For political reasons itis considered important to have a relat ively cheap supply of eggs, cheese and milk, the veryfoods which are blamed as the cause of heart disease when eaten in excess. And even if it isdisputed that excess animal fat is detrimental to health, foods could be labelled with the average percentage of different fats so that consumers who wanted to reduce their saturated fatintake would be able to do so easily.?

　　Much more could be done to improve people’s diet in Britain and everyone s h ould beencouraged to eat the types of food which are good for health. Current r esearch on thenutritional value of foods should be freely available and the gov ernment should control theadvertising of “rubbish” food. A programme of healt h education and lessons on sensibleeating could be started in the schools with th e Government’s backing. ?

　　TEXT H

　　First read the question.?

　　34. The passage is primarily ___ in the development of the thesis.?

　　A. persuasive B. descriptive?C. narrative D. expository?

　　Now go through TEXT H quickly to answer question 34.?

　　The question remains: must we conform? Or can we, somehow, resist the power s thatconspire to domesticate us? And if so, with what arms are we to redeem ou r almost-lostmanhood? Where are we to find the weapons of resistance??

　　I believe that the question of conformity, in the long run, answers itself. I think that if therewas a possibility, once, of a yes or no——if at one time humans could decide “we mustconform” or “we must not” —— that possibilit y ha s been lost in the long reaches ofevolution, far back along the corridors of Ti me. The simple truth is that we cannot conform.?Built into man, is an instinct. I have chosen to call it the “instinct of rebellion”, since it revealsitself as a drive or urge toward mastery over ever y obstacle, natural or man-made, thatstands as a barrier between man and his dis tant, perhaps never-to-be-achieved but alwaysstriven after goals. It is this in stinct that underwrites his survival, this instinct from which hederives his na ture: a great and powerful dynamic that makes him what he is——restless,seekin g, curious, forever unsatisfied, eternally straggling and eventually victorious. Becauseof the instinct of rebellion man has never been content with the limits of his body; it has ledhim to extend his senses almost infinitely, so that his fingers now probe space, his eyesmagnify the nuclei of atoms, and his ears det ect whispers from the bottoms of seas. Becauseof the instinct of rebellion man has never been content with the limits of his mind; it has ledhim to inquire th e secrets of the universe, to gather and learn and manipulate the fabulousinven tory of the cosmos, to seek the very mysteries of creation.?

　　Man is a rebel. He is committed by his biology not to conform, and herein lies the paramountreason for the awful tension he experiences today in relation to Society. Unlike other cream ofearth, man cannot submit, cannot surrender hi s birthright of protest, for rebellion is one ofhis essential dimensions. He ca n not deny it and remain man. In order to live he must rebel.Only total annihila tion of humanity as a species can eliminate this in-built necessity. Onlywith t he death of the last man will the revolt that is the essence of his nature also die.?

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