2000年英语专八真题听力原文

　　SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST?

　　News Item 1(For Question 11)?

　　President Clinton has renewed his attacks on the American tobacco industry. Accusing of usingdelaying tactics to block anti-smoking legislation, the US congress is considering a bill whichwill place tight restrictions on tobacco advertising and impose penalties on tobacco companies ifthey continue to sell cigarettes to children. Mr. Clinton said, it was a fight with the lives of theAmerican children, and he urged congress to move ahead with the bill. But a spokesman f orone of the big tobacco companies called the legislation totally unreasonable, and he said theprocess had become wholly politicized.??

　　News Item 2(For Questions 12-13)?

　　The French President Jacques Chirac is to discuss the efforts to stimulate Japan’s economyduring his visit to Japan which begins today. The French President is no stranger to Japan. He’svisited the country 40 times before and t h is will be his second visit as President. Mr. Chirac willhold summit talks wit h Japanese Prime Minister next Monday. He is expected to discuss effortsto boos t Japanese economy as well as investment by Japanese companies in France. He’ll alsomeet the Emperor and Empress at a luncheon on Tuesday. But perhaps the event that will drawmost attention is the launch of a-year-long festival of French art and culture in Japan. A replicaof Arch de Triomphe that usually stands in Pad s has been transported to Tokyo Bay for thefestival. And Mr. Chirac will unveil it. The festival includes films, theatrical performance, danceand exhibitions, as well as promotions for French food and wine, both of which are verypopular in Japan.??

　　News Item 3(For Questions 14-15)?

　　Officials of the World Food Program (WFP) say they are receiving information that famine hasgreat part of central Afghanistan. WFP officials say as the winter’s snow begins to melt andhigh mountain paths begin to clear, local leader s and international aid workers are reportingsome people are dying of starvation. Officials say a major disaster affecting hundreds ofthousands of people may be in the making. The Taliban are blocking food deliveries to centralAfghanistan. The UN has warned for several months that more than one million people aresuffering from blockade and 160,000 face starvation. An emergency air-lift of food to centralBombay province was cancelled earlier this year when the Taliban bom bed the local airport. WFPofficials say the existing food stocks in that area a re exhausted and an emergency effort will belaunched to bring wheat and potatoes into the area.??

　　SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING?

　　Good morning. Today I’d like to discuss with you the secrets of good conversation, that is,how to talk to anyone, anytime, anywhere.?

　　When someone tells you that you have to give a speech, your response maybe ”I’ve got to dowhat? But it’s important to remember that speeches are like anything else in life there’s alwaysa “first time”. People, even those who are wonderful talkers in a conversational setting, areoften terrified over the prospect of giving their first speech. Some are scared about it no matterhow many speeches they have given before. I suspect you may have the same experience, orhave seen others in similar situations. I give speeches many times a year to groups of everypossible description. My secret is simply that I think of public speaking as no different from anyother form of talk. It’s a way of sharing my though t with other people. You know, in onesense, it’s actually easier than social conversation because you are in complete control ofwhere the talk is going. At the same time you have to have something to say, of course. Thisleads us to the first key of being a successful public speaker: Talk about something you knowabout.?

　　The second key to being a good speaker is to follow the motto of the Boy Sc outs-Be wellprepared. Never go to a speech without some prior work on it. If you are talking about asubject you know well, as I’ve just advised, preparing the speech itself should not be toodifficult. If you let the audience know where you’re going at the beginning, they will follow youmore easily through the body of your speech. At the end of your speech, try to summarizeyour most important points in slightly different words from the ones you used in youropening.?

　　Here are some other key tips based on my own speaking experience and what I’ve noticed inother good speakers. Look at your audience. I’ve already said ho w important it is to make eyecontact. First, be sure to look up from you text o r notes. Second, don’t talk to the wall in theback, or to the window or to the side. They are not your audience. Each time you look up fromyour text, look at a different part of the audience, so the whole group feels they’re beingaddress ed. Note the pacing and inflection you want to use in speech. Some speakers, ifthey’re reading from a complete text, underline the words they want to emphasize . If you areusing an outline or notes, highlight ideas or phrases you should stress in your speech withdifferent-colored pen or something. This accomplishes t wo things: It guarantees that youremphasis will be where you intended it to be, and it assures your audience that you won’t bespeaking in a dull monotone that will put them to sleep, especially if you’re talking after a heavymeal. Stand up straight. I don’ t mean that you have to assume a parade ground posture, butstand in a comfortable, natural way rather than hunching over the lectern. Hunching constrictsyour breathing, and it makes you look bad as well. If there’s a microphone in front of you,adjust it to the right height rather than forcing yourself to stoop during the speech. If you can,check this out before it’s your t urn to speak. Talk normally into the microphone. If you speakat a high volume in to it, you will actually be harder to hear. And be careful to keep your mouthin the range of the mike; don’t wave around or turn away to answer a question fro m the side. ?

　　Last but not the least, a speaker has to keep in mind the value of brevity. It’s not easy to bebrief, especially on a topic you know a lot about. But in any kind of communication, it’s alwaysworth taking the time to boil your message down to its essentials. That emphasis on brevityapplies even more when you are delivering a speech. The show business expression “knowwhen to get off” come s into play again. And the best public speakers always know when. Someof the longest speeches ever inflicted on the American public have been the inauguraladdresses of their presidents. However one of the shortest inaugural addresses is also one ofthe best remembered and most often quoted. It was delivered on January 20,1960 by John F.Kennedy. Kennedy spoke for less than 15 minutes. We can learn from these speakers, whoseability to talk effectively was central to their suc cess, as is the case with so many successfulpeople in every profession. Brevity is the first thing we can learn from them. If people likeKennedy are willing t o keep it short to maximize their effectiveness as speakers, we shouldbe smart enough to do the same thing.?

　　To sum up, I’ve mentioned several key points in becoming a successful pub l ic speaker, such asgood preparation, audience awareness, brevity, etc. I hope y ou find them very useful inmaking your speeches effective. Thank you.?

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