2018英语专八汉译英技巧

2018-03-14 11:30:20来源:网络

2018英语专八汉译英技巧

  2018英语专八汉译英技巧1. 选择恰当的英语词汇

  有些英语词汇不仅有字面意思,还有内含意思。

  e.g. “国家”:country, nation, state, land 分别内涵:疆土、人民、政府、感情

  有些英语词汇本身含有贬义或一些委婉的意思,运用时要特别注意。 e.g. “宣传”:publicize, propaganda (带贬义) 汉译英选词原则:

  (1) 选适合上下文的词汇

  e.g. “观众”:audience, viewer, spectator

  分别表示:听音乐会或看戏的观众、电视观众、看体育表演的观众 “条件”不同情况下应用不同的英语词表达: 工作条件:working condition 有利的条件:favorable situation 录取条件:admission requirement 付款条件:terms of payment

  词汇选择首先要忠于原文的意思。

  e.g. 近年来由于就业问题日益严重,有些人建议让没有工作的未婚妇女来替换那些家务繁重的女工。

  “就业问题”:employment problem, unemployment problem(找不到工作就业已成问题,即失业问题)

  “没有工作的妇女”:women without jobs, women hunting for jobs(没有工作又需要找工作的妇女,不需找工作的并不包括在内)

  (2) 要注意词的广义、狭义、具体的意思和抽象意思的不同

  e.g. ①他讲的笑话逗得我们都笑了。

  ②他讲的话使我们大家都笑了。 ①His joke made us laugh.

  ② What he said make us laugh.

  We all smile at what he said.

  (3) 选词时不要望文生义,不要死译,要考虑与汉语对应的英语词汇真正的意思。

  e.g. ①他们的好奇心得到了满足。

  Their curiosity has been fulfilled. Their curiosity has been satisfied.

  Fulfill:满足某人的愿望和要求等,不能用于满足好奇心

②他负责学生会的工作。

  He was responsible for the student union. He was in charge of the student union.

  Be responsible for:对某事的发生或后果负责 Be in charge of:负责某工作

  ③现在要办成事,关系是非常重要的。

  Relationship is very important to do anything nowadays.

  Nowadays social connections are very important to get things done. “关系”:社会关系

  使用动词不能望文生义。 e.g. “接受”:receive 接受惩罚:receive punishment

  接受检阅:pass in review 接受敬礼:take the salute 接受救济:be on relief

  接受手术:go under the operation 接受挑战:rise to the challenge

  (4) 注意词的内在含义,特别是对于含贬义的词要慎用

  e.g. 新来的经理很能干,但是也很固执。

  The new manager is capable but pigheaded.

  The new manager is capable but stubborn.

  2018英语专八汉译英技巧2. 理清汉语的句子结构

  (1) 看清句子的主语与谓语

  e.g. ①晚上躺在这张陌生的床上实在使我难以入睡。

  At night, being on a strange bed prevented me from sleeping. At night, I couldn’t fall asleep on a different bed. ②非法停车将被拖走。

  Illegal parking will be towed away. Illegal parked cars will be towed away.

  (2) 理清句子与句子之间以及主句与从句之间的关系。

  一定要先把主句结构译出来,形成译文的骨架,然后再加进其他成分。

  e.g. 专利是一种官方文件,发明人根据该文件可以控制使用他的发明物的权利。 A patent is an official documentby which an inventor can control the right to use his

  invention.

  2018英语专八汉译英技巧3. 英语译文要简洁,要符合英语的表达习惯

  (1) 有些汉语中表示抽象范畴的词可以省去

  e.g. ①在很多情况下,学生都是到最后期限才写论文。

  Many students write their papers just before the deadline.

  ②两国之间的战争状态终于结束了。

  The war between the two countries was over.

  ③他为了中国人民的解放事业贡献了自己的一生。

  He devoted his whole life to the liberation of Chinese People.

  (2) 有些在汉语中重复出现的词语可以省略

  e.g. 我们应该善于发现问题,分析问题,解决问题。

  We should be able to find, analyze and solve problems.

  (3) 有些汉语中重复的意思不必重复翻译

  e.g. ①他故意说谎。

  He is telling a deliberate lie.

  He is telling a lie.

  ②我们想知道这项研究项目的最终结果。

  We want to know the final outcome of the research project. We want to know the outcome of the research project.

  (4) 汉语中表示动作时间的词和一些习惯性加的动词可以省去

  e.g. ①他一直在这个学校教书教了10年。

  He has been teaching in this school for 10 years. ②有许多人对这本书感兴趣。

  There are many people who are interested in this book.

  Many people are interested in this book.

  2018英语专八汉译英技巧4. 汉译英时要注意英语中代词指代的准确性以及修饰结构的位置,以免造成意思上的混

  乱。

  e.g. ①小李的爸爸让他把书放好。

  Xiao Li’s father told him to put his books away.

  Xiao Li’s father told him: “Put your books away”. ②这所大学有许多国内外著名的教授。

  The university has many well-known professors at home and abroad. The university has many professors well-known at home and abroad.



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