2019专八翻译技巧：冒号／破折号的使用

2019-02-09 15:48:00来源：网络

2019专八翻译技巧：冒号／破折号的使用

　　关于如何使用连接词连接分句的介绍较多，但不少译者未能充分注意到如何使用冒号、破折号进行连接。

　　请看以下几例，其中质量较高的译文2采用破折号来进行衔接。

　　例1

　　搞科技，越高越好，越新越好。越高越新，我们也就越高兴。不只我们高兴，人民高兴，国家高兴。

　　译文1: We will develop science and technology, and the higher and newer the technologies, the better. And we will be all the more delighted, as will people and the nation.

　　译文2: We should develop science and technology, and the higher and newer the technologies are, the better, and the more delighted we shall be — and not just we, but the entire people and the state.

　　“不只我们高兴，人民高兴，国家高兴”补充说明前面一句的“我们也就越高兴”。由于语义上有密切联系，不妨采用并句法将它们连接起来。译文1使用连接词as将前后句子连接在一起，是可行的;译文2改用破折号，联系更为紧密。

　　例2

　　老年人有长处，但也有很大的弱点，老年人容易固执，因此老年人也要有点自觉性。

　　译文1: The elderly have both strong and weak points. They tend to be stubborn, and therefore, they should be aware of their imitations.

　　译文2: Old people hae strengths but also great weakness — they tend to be stubborn, for example— and they should be aware of that.

　　以上松散的汉语短句群可被分为两个部分，后面一部分补充说明前面一部分的“弱点”。译文1采用并列形式，未能很好地体现这种语义上的联系。译文2则使用简单明了的破折号来表达出补充说明的关系。当然，也可改用冒号来达到相同的效果。

　　例3

　　我们可利用的矛盾存在着，对我们有利的条件存在着，机遇存在着，问题是要善于把握。

　　译文1: Contradictions we can make use of exist. Conditions that are beneficial to us exist. Opportunities exist. The point is that we should be adept at seizing them.

　　译文2: There are contradictions that we can use, conditions that are favourable to us, opportunities that we can make advantage of — the problem is to seize them at the right moment.

　　原文中有四句松散分句组成。前三句讲述了存在着的三种有利因素，然后点出问题的要害。译文1按中文结构译成四句，太呆板，不合英语行文习惯，不易体现四句话之间的语义联系。译文2使用破折号，不但使英译文显得紧凑，而且有助于把读者的注意力集中在问题的核心部分。

　　例4

　　这五年，首先是农村改革带来许多新的变化，农作物大幅度增产，农民收入大幅度增加，乡镇企业异军突起。

　　译文1: During those five years, rural reform brought about many changes, which were characterized by substantial increase in crop production and farmers' income and the rise of rural enterprise as a new force.

　　译文2: During those five years, rural reform brought about many changes: grainoutput increased substantially, as did the peasants' income, and rural enterprises emerged as a new force.

　　原文中含有四个形式松散的分句，但从语义上看，后面三句补充说明第一句中的“许多新的变化”。译文1以which were characterized by的形式将后面三句与前面第一句衔接起来。译文2则使用冒号假意衔接，更显精炼。

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