2019英语专八听力mini lecture全真模拟训练MP3附文本（十三）

2019英语专八听力mini lecture全真模拟训练MP3附文本（十三）

　　2019专八考试临近，寒假期间专八考生们也别松懈了对专八听力的训练，新东方在线专八频道整理了2019英语专八听力mini lecture全真模拟训练MP3附文本，希望大家认真复习。

2019英语专八听力mini lecture全真模拟训练MP3附文本汇总

　　[00:10.12]TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS--GRADE EIGHT

　　[00:13.51]Section A MINI-LECTURE

　　[00:16.97]In this section you will hear a mini-lecture.

　　[00:20.29]You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY.

　　[00:23.73]While listening to the mini-lecture,

　　[00:25.82]please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE

　　[00:30.29]and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.

　　[00:34.70]Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically

　　[00:39.23]and semantically acceptable.

　　[00:41.85]You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.

　　[00:45.67]You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.

　　[01:19.89]Now, listen to the mini-lecture.

　　[01:22.30]When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes

　　[01:25.05]to check your work.

　　[01:27.25]Hot Spots in Cross Cultural Communication

　　[01:31.52]Good morning everyone.

　　[01:33.51]Today I am going to talk about some hot spots in cross cultural communication.

　　[01:39.81]When working with other people, or traveling abroad for work or pleasure,

　　[01:45.22]it may pay to ask some experts

　　[01:47.84]about the following communication styles of the area you plan to visit.

　　[01:53.20]A little research at the outset can stave off a host of misunderstandings.

　　[01:59.67]Today, I am going to cover right aspects and provide some heads-up

　　[02:04.62]in dealing with the tricky situations in cross cultural communication.

　　[02:10.22]1. Opening and Closing Conversations:

　　[02:14.95]Different cultures may have different customs

　　[02:18.25]around who addresses whom, when and how, and who has the right,

　　[02:23.56]or even the duty, to speak first,

　　[02:26.48]and what is the proper way to conclude a conversation.

　　[02:30.90]Think about it: no matter where you are,

　　[02:34.01]some ways of commencing a conversation or concluding one

　　[02:38.30]will be considered as rude, even disrespectful.

　　[02:42.78]These are artificial customs, to a certain degree,

　　[02:46.39]and there is probably no universally right or wrong way to go about these things,

　　[02:52.86]short of behaviors that all cultures

　　[02:55.41]would likely consider to be vulgar or abusive.

　　[02:59.40]This topic includes modes of address, salutations,

　　[03:04.19]levels of deference to age or social position,

　　[03:08.23]acceptable ways to conclude gracefully and so on.

　　[03:13.02]Obviously, and to the dismay of many of us in the West,

　　[03:17.69]this will also cover gender differences.

　　[03:21.61]2. Taking Turns During Conversations:

　　[03:26.32]In some cultures, it is more appropriate to take turns in an interactive way,

　　[03:32.55]and in others, it is more important to listen thoroughly

　　[03:36.36]and without comment, without immediate response,

　　[03:39.97]lest a response be taken as a challenge or a humiliation,

　　[03:44.88]particularly depending on the context of the conversation, the audience,

　　[03:50.23]and the levels of personal knowledge/relationship

　　[03:54.03]between the two people interacting.

　　[03:57.25]For example, a Western couple or pair of executives may feel perfectly comfortable

　　[04:04.05]interacting in a give and take way in a public market,

　　[04:08.72]but if that public market is in a part of the world

　　[04:12.39]where such a public display of give and take is considered to be in bad taste,

　　[04:18.50]then they may be giving offense without ever realizing it.

　　[04:23.29]3. Interrupting:

　　[04:25.98]The same issues arise over the issue of interrupting.

　　[04:30.42]In some cultures, interruption, vocal, emotional expression, etc.

　　[04:36.14]are considered to be the default conversational style,

　　[04:40.25]particularly among those considered to be equals, or among men.

　　[04:45.85]Many people of Northern European or American extract

　　[04:49.89]might mistake this kind of conversation for argument and hostility,

　　[04:54.75]but that would not be the case.

　　[04:58.62]4. Use of Silence:

　　[05:01.98]In some forms of communication, silence is to be expected before a response,

　　[05:08.75]as a sign of thoughtfulness and deference to the original speaker,

　　[05:13.29]yet at other times, silence may be experienced as a sign of hostility.

　　[05:19.53]In the West, twenty seconds of silence during a meeting

　　[05:23.88]is an extraordinarily long time,

　　[05:26.68]and people will feel uncomfortable with that.

　　[05:30.11]Someone invariably will break in to end the uncomfortable silence.

　　[05:35.16]But the same customs around silence are not universal.

　　[05:40.33]5. Appropriate Topics of Conversation:

　　[05:45.21]In some places, it is considered vulgar to speak openly about money,

　　[05:50.69]for example, let alone about the kinds of intimate family issues

　　[05:55.12]that commonly form the basis of

　　[05:57.48]afternoon television "talk" shows in the West.

　　[06:01.53]Travelers or business people should learn the customs

　　[06:04.95]that surround the making of deals, the transaction of commerce,

　　[06:09.43]and the degree to which details are specified in advance

　　[06:13.97]and enumerated in writing across cultures.

　　[06:17.89]Not all places are as prone to hire lawyers and create detailed contracts

　　[06:23.62]as we are in the West.

　　[06:26.23]6. Use of Humor:

　　[06:30.91]In the West, we often try to build immediate rapport through humor,

　　[06:35.70]but of course, this is not universally seen to be appropriate in all contexts.

　　[06:41.80]The use of laughter can be experienced as a sign of disrespect by some,

　　[06:47.28]and so it is important to understand that this is another area

　　[06:51.88]where misunderstandings can be very likely to occur.

　　[06:56.67]7. Knowing How Much to Say:

　　[07:00.97]In some places, less is definitely more,

　　[07:05.07]whereas in other places, it is more valued

　　[07:08.62]to wrap a rather small point up in a longer preamble,

　　[07:12.98]followed by an extended wrap-up.

　　[07:16.15]For Westerners, this can be maddening,

　　[07:19.38]as we tend to value speaking directly and to the point.

　　[07:24.11]Then again, there are clearly circumstances where Westerners say too much

　　[07:29.96]and lose their ability to communicate well, depending on the context.

　　[07:35.38]Of course, patterns around presumed areas of

　　[07:38.80]deference based on age and social standing

　　[07:42.22]can influence how much is appropriate to say, depending on the culture.

　　[07:48.07]8. Sequencing elements during conversation:

　　[07:53.42]At what point during a conversation or negotiation is it appropriate

　　[07:58.65]to touch upon more sensitive issues?

　　[08:01.88]Or how soon in a conversation is it appropriate simply to ask for directions?

　　[08:08.54]All cultures develop customs through which sensitive issues can be addressed

　　[08:13.72]in a way that connotes respect to all involved

　　[08:17.77]and those systems are all different from one another.

　　[08:22.25]That's why it is important to understand the influence

　　[08:26.23]that sequence has on effectiveness. For us in the West,

　　[08:31.39]think about the process of asking, or being asked out on a date —

　　[08:37.00]a very Western process and one whose customs can be very fluid indeed.

　　[08:43.00]The right question, asked in the right way,

　　[08:46.30]but asked too soon or too late, according to custom,

　　[08:50.79]can connote very different things to the listener,

　　[08:54.53]and highly influence subsequent behavior. Sequencing and timing do matter.

　　[09:01.75]OK. I think I have covered up the eight points, but let me remind you

　　[09:07.47]this is not an exhaustive checklist.

　　[09:10.64]Rather, it is a collection of tips for you to check against

　　[09:15.28]when you are dealing with people from other cultural backgrounds.

　　[09:19.39]Of course, these tips only set you on the direction of a quest or a research,

　　[09:25.42]the journey of which shall be undertaken with extensive consultancy work.

　　[09:33.78]Now you have THREE minutes to check your work.

　　[12:38.38]This is the end of Section A MINI-LECTURE.

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