2019英语专四语法考点:非谓语动词

2019-03-14 16:29:07来源:网络

  (2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别

  1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的。

  They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)

  They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)

  2)分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因。

  Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.由于在专心读书,他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)

  Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)

  Reading carefully,you'll learn something new.只要你仔细阅读,你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)

  His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。(结果)

  The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.这男孩个子不够高,手伸不到书架。(结果)

  We are glad to hear the news.我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)

  (3)下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的:

  a:not/never too…to, too…not to , but/only too… to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义

  b:做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。

  c:不定式做状语时,其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语,否则用for引导主语。

  6.非谓语动词常考的其它结构

  (1)疑问词+不定式结构

  疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如:

  When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语)

  I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)

  The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语)

  I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语)

  注)A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如:

  I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。

  B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how, what)+不定式:

  While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.

  (2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。

  When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.

  (3)不带to的不定式

  1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有:

  feel 觉得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear听到

  watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉,感知

  notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听

  On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue.

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