2020专四语法指导：倒装句

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　　倒装：

　　带否定意义的副词置于句首时

　　带否定意义的词置于句首时，主谓语需要倒装。

　　Rarely does he go to the movies.

　　Not for a moment did he doubt the truth of her honesty.

　　Little do I know about the meaning of this proverb.

　　Never before the night had I felt the extent of my power.

　　含有否定词的介词短语在句首时

　　含有否定词的介词短语在句首时，句子主谓倒装。

　　这类介词短语包括：in no case, at no time, in no way, by no means, on no account, in no sense, under no circumstances, 等等。意思为“决不，在任何情况下都不。”

　　“Only+状语”置于句首时的倒装

　　“Only+状语”置于句首时，主谓语需要倒装。

　　1) Only by practicing a lot outside class can we speak English fluently.

　　2) Only when I saw him did I remember that I promised to bring him a gift.

　　3) Only then did I know that I was wrong.

　　not only位于句首时的倒装

　　句首是not only且连接分句结构时，引起局部(部分)倒装。

　　Not only did we lose our money, but we were also in danger of losing our lives.

　　Not only can he sing very well, but he can also play some musical instrument very skillfully.

　　neither，nor表示“也不”时的倒装

　　句首是neither，nor表示“也不”时，主谓语需要倒装。

　　I couldn't solve the problem, neither /nor could my brother.

　　= I couldn't solve the problem. My brother couldn't, either.

　　I didn't go to school, nor did Mary.

　　= I didn't go to school. Mary didn't, either.

　　so表示“也是，同样”时的倒装

　　句首是so表示“也是，同样”时，主谓语需要倒装。

　　Copper is a good conductor; so is silver.

　　John failed in the exam; so did Mark.

　　He takes part in sports activities, so do his classmates.

　　I have been to the Temple of Heaven, so has she.

　　平衡倒装

　　There+be或其它不及物动词come，go，happen，occur，stand，exist等结构中，为避免句子头重脚轻，平衡倒装。

　　There stands an old house that is being pulled down.

　　There existed a hostile relationship between the two families.

　　There are many hobbies involving the creativity of a person.

　　Such/so…that句型中的倒装

　　Such/so…that句型中such+名词或so+形容词，副词等位于句首时，主句中主谓倒装。

　　So badly was he injured in the accident that he had to stay in the hospital for treatment.

　　So excited was I that I didn’t know what to say.

　　比较状语从句中的倒装

　　than引导的比较状语从句中，主从句谓语趋向中间以达到平衡，此时从句要求主谓倒装。

　　Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology, man is less limited by nature than were his forefathers/ancestors.

　　表频率的状语至于句首倒装

　　表频率的状语至于句首，倒装。

　　Many a time has he given us sound advice.

　　Twice a week does he go to visit his grandparents.

　　More than once have we heard him make such promises.

　　As,though让步状语从句中倒装

　　在以as，though引导的让步状语从句中，从句常用倒装语序，把表语或状语提前。(名，形，付， 动词)

　　Child that he is, he can distinguish between right and wrong.

　　Intelligent as/though you are, you should be modest.

　　Much as I admire him, I don't think he is perfect.

　　Try as she did, she failed again.

　　虚拟语气中的倒装

　　虚拟语气中省略“if”或“whether”时的倒装。

　　Were it left to me to choose, I prefer the latter to the former.

　　Had it not rained so heavily, we would have visited the Summer Palace yesterday.

　　Be we rich or poor, we should have our own dignity.

　　副词至于句首

　　Here、there、in、out、up、down等表示方位的副词至于句首时，主谓需要倒装。

　　Here comes the bus.

　　Down jumped the little boy from the bridge.

　　Here it ( 指the bus) comes.

　　There they went.

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