2021年英语专业八级听力测试test-4

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　　[00:27.99]Test Four

　　[00:29.85]SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

　　[00:31.92]In this section, you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY.

　　[00:39.58]While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked,

　　[00:45.16]but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over,

　　[00:51.50]you’ll be given two minutes to check your notes, and another 10 minutes to complete the gap-filling task.

　　[00:56.75]Now listen to the mini-lecture.

　　[00:59.49]Good morning. We’ll continue with our introduction of American minorities.

　　[01:04.30]Today’s focus is on Chinese Americans. For many years it was common

　　[01:10.54]in the United States to associate Chinese Americans with restaurants and laundries.

　　[01:14.80]People did not realize that the Chinese had been driven into these occupations

　　[01:19.39]by the prejudice and discrimination that used to face them in this country.

　　[01:22.68]The first group of Chinese came during the California Gold Rush of 1849.

　　[01:27.16]Like most of the other people there, they had come to search for gold.

　　[01:31.53]In that largely unoccupied land, they stated a claim for themselves by placing markers in the ground.

　　[01:37.76]However, either because the Chinese were so different from the others or because they

　　[01:43.12]so patiently that they sometimes succeeded in turning a seemingly worthless mining claim into a profitable one,

　　[01:49.25]they became the scapegoats of their envious competitors. They were harassed in many ways.

　　[01:54.72]Often they were prevented working on their claims;

　　[01:57.34]some localities even passed regulations forbidding them to own claims.

　　[02:02.92]Therefore, these Chinese had to seek out other ways of earning a living.

　　[02:06.97]Some of them began to do the laundry for the white miners; others set up small restaurants.

　　[02:12.11]There were almost no women in California in those days,

　　[02:15.60]and the Chinese filled a real need by doing this “woman’s work”.

　　[02:19.55]Some others went to work as farmhands or as fishermen.

　　[02:23.04]In the early 1860’s, a second group of Chinese arrived in California.

　　[02:27.75]This time, they were imported as work crews to construct the first transcontinental railroad.

　　[02:33.10]The work was so strenuous and dangerous, and it was carried on in such a remote part of the country,

　　[02:38.90]that the railroad company could not find other laborers for the job. As in the case of their predecessors,

　　[02:44.70]these Chinese were almost all males and they encountered a great deal of prejudice.

　　[02:49.29]The hostility grew especially strong after the railroad project was completed,

　　[02:53.89]and the imported laborers returned to California, all out of work.

　　[02:58.26]Because there were so many more of them this time,

　　[03:01.33]these Chinese drew even more attention than the earlier group did.

　　[03:05.26]They were so different in every aspect: in their physical appearance,

　　[03:08.54]in their language, and in their religion. They were contemptuously called “heathen Chinese”.

　　[03:13.47]When times were hard, they were blamed for working for lower wages and taking jobs away from white men.

　　[03:20.03]And these white men were actually recent immigrants themselves. Anti-Chinese riots broke out in many cities.

　　[03:26.70]Some even developed into arson and bloodshed.

　　[03:29.65]The Chinese were not allowed to make legal appeals and they were not accepted as American citizens.

　　[03:34.90]Californians began to demand that no more Chinese be permitted to enter their state.

　　[03:40.25]Finally, in 1882, the Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act,

　　[03:45.17]which stopped the immigration of Chinese laborers.

　　[03:47.69]Many Chinese returned to their homeland, and their numbers declined sharply in the early part of this century.

　　[03:53.93]However, during World War Two, when China was an ally of the United States,

　　[03:58.96]the Exclusion laws were ended; a small number of Chinese were allowed to immigrate each year,

　　[04:04.10]and Chinese could become American citizens. In 1965, in a general revision of our immigration laws,

　　[04:11.98]many more Chinese were permitted to settle here.

　　[04:14.93]From the start, the Chinese had lived apart in their own separate neighborhoods,

　　[04:19.41]which came to be known as “Chinatowns’.

　　[04:21.71]In each of them the residents organized an unofficial government

　　[04:25.65]to make rules for the community and to settle disputes.

　　[04:28.49]Many people couldn’t find jobs on the outside, and they went into business for themselves,

　　[04:33.96]primarily to serve their own neighborhood. As for laundries and restaurants,

　　[04:38.88]some of them soon spread to other parts of the city,

　　[04:41.84]since such services continued to be in demand among non-Chinese, too.

　　[04:46.31]To this day, certain Chinatowns, especially those of San Francisco and New York,

　　[04:51.79]are very busy, thriving communities.

　　[04:54.19]They have become great attractions for tourists and for those who enjoy Chinese food.

　　[04:58.56]Most of today’s Chinese Americans are the descendants of some of the early miners and railroad workers.

　　[05:04.69]Those immigrants had been uneducated farm laborers in the vicinity of Canton

　　[05:09.61]in Southeast China before they came to America.Even after having lived here for several generations,

　　[05:15.74]Chinese Americans retain many aspects of their ancient culture.

　　[05:19.67]For example, their family ties continue to be remarkably strong.

　　[05:23.94]Members of the family lend each other moral support and also practical help when necessary.

　　[05:29.73]From a very young age children are taught with the old values and attitudes,

　　[05:34.11]including respect for their elders and a feeling of responsibility to the family.

　　[05:38.71]This helps to explain why there is so little juvenile delinquency among them.

　　[05:43.52]The high regard for education, and the willingness to work very hard to gain advancement,

　　[05:48.77]are other noteworthy characteristics of theirs.

　　[05:51.17]This explains why so many descendants of uneducated laborers have succeeded in becoming doctors,

　　[05:56.97]lawyers, and other professionals.

　　[05:58.83]By the way, many of the most outstanding Chinese American scholars,

　　[06:03.31]scientists, and artists are more recent arrivals.

　　[06:05.94]They come from China’s former upper class and they represent its high cultural traditions.

　　[06:11.08]Chinese Americans make up only a tiny fraction of the American population.

　　[06:15.24]They live chiefly in California, New York, and Hawaii.

　　[06:18.84]As American attitudes toward minorities and toward ethnic differences have changed in recent years,

　　[06:24.64]the long-hated Chinese have gained wide acceptance.

　　[06:28.03]Today, they are generally admired for many remarkable characteristics,

　　[06:32.08]and are often held up as an example worth following.

　　[06:35.47]And their numerous contributions to their adopted land are much appreciated.

　　[06:39.63]Now, we are coming to the end of our lecture. Our focus for next week will be on African Americans.

　　[06:45.86]Thank you for your attention.

　　以上就是新东方在线专四专八频道给大家整理的2021年英语专业八级听力测试test-4,希望对大家有所帮助，更多备考内容，欢迎随时关注新东方在线专四专八频道。

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