英语专八范文：知识产权保护的崛起

　　新东方在线专四专八频道给大家整理的英语专八范文：知识产权保护的崛起,希望能够对大家的专四专八考试备考有所帮助，更多有关专四专八的备考内容，欢迎随时关注新东方在线专四专八频道。

　　The Rise of Intellectual Property Protection

　　Intellectual property scarcely existed in the vocabularies of academic researchers and

　　administrators even 15 years ago. Now it is an ever-present part of discussions on research policies and

　　directions. This new importance of intellectual property in academia reflects a changing view on their

　　relationships of research at universities to the surrounding society. Until recently, research at

　　universities has been relatively isolated from demands of economic utility, and education of graduate

　　students has emphasized a career in academic research as the final goal.

　　Now almost all research universities in the United States have technology licensing operations. The

　　number of U.S. patents granted to American universities in a year rose from about 300 in 1980 to almost

　　2000 in 1995. The direct economic impact of technology licensing on the universities themselves has been

　　relatively small. In contrast, the impact of university technology transfer on the local and national

　　economies has been substantial, and leads to the conclusion that the Licensing Act () is one of the most

　　successful pieces of economic development in recent history. It has been estimated that more than 200000

　　jobs have been created in the United States in product development and manufacturing of products from

　　university licenses, with the number increasing fairly rapidly as the licenses mature.

　　Intellectual property terms have become vitally important. The company wants to be assured that it

　　can use the results of the research-and that these results will not be available to their competitors.

　　But most universities insist that transfer of research results is pivotal to their identity and mission

　　and will not agree to keep the project results secret. The key to resolving this dilemma is to grant

　　patents: the university will publish the results, but will first agree to file patents that will protect

　　the company's privilege in the commercial market place.

　　以上就是新东方在线专四专八频道给大家整理的英语专八范文：知识产权保护的崛起,希望对大家有所帮助，更多备考内容，欢迎随时关注新东方在线专四专八频道。

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