2022年专八英语人文知识辅导：大英帝国的兴衰07

2021-11-02 15:47:00来源：网络

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　　2. Britain Between the Two World Wars

　　两次世界大战期间的英国

　　The effects of the New York Stock Market Crash of 1929 soon spread throughout Europe and by 1931 Britain was entering the Great depression.

　　1929年纽约股票交易所崩溃的影响迅速波及欧洲，到1931年英国进入经济大萧条。

　　3. Britain and the Second World War

　　英国与第二次世界大战

　　As Adolf Hitler and Nazism showed off their aggressive momentum in Europe, Chamberlain, the Prime Minister, found his policy of appeasement of German aggression was no longer tenable, and was forced to declare war on Germany on September 3,1939.

　　当阿道夫希特勒及纳粹主义显示他们对欧洲的侵略意图时，首相张伯伦发现他的绥靖政策已站不住脚，只得于1939年9月3日对德宣战。

　　4. Postwar Britian

　　战后的英国

　　(1) One of the most far-reaching consequences of the War was that it hastened the end of Britain's empire.

　　二战最为深远的结果之一是加速了大英帝国的瓦解。

　　(2) In 1952 Princess Elizabeth was crowned Queen Elizabeth II. Many people through television saw the ceremony.

　　1952年伊莉莎白公主加冕成为伊莉莎白女王二世。新发明的电视使许多人看到了加冕仪式的过程。

　　(4) In January 1973, Britain became a full member of the European Economic Community which was still called the Common Market in 1973. Britain witnessed the first oil shock in 1973.

　　1973年1月，英国终于成为欧洲经济共同体的正式成员国。1973年仍称为共同市场。1973年英国经历了第一次石油禁运。

　　(5) Mrs Thatcher

　　撒切尔主义

　　Thatcherism referred to the policies put forward by Margaret Thatcher, the first woman prime minister in England in 1979. The main contents of her policies included the return to private ownership of state-owned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order. To some extent her program was successful and she led one of the most remarkable periods in the British economy.

　　1979年撒切尔夫人成为英国第一任女首相。她提出的政策被为"撒切尔主义"。其内容包括国有工业私有化，采用货币主义政策以控制通货膨胀，削弱工会的影响，加强市场因素在经济中的作用，强调法律和秩序。在一定程度上讲，她的计划是成功的。她领导英国经济度过了一段最繁华的时期之一。

　　成为独立殖民地，1857年实现自治，1907年成为英皇属下的自治领，1931年完全独立。

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