2022年专八英语人文知识辅导：历史部分之英国起源

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　　1. The first known setters of Britain were the Iberians. More dramatic monuments were the henges, the most important of which was Stonehenge in Wiltshire.

　　人们所知的英国最早居民是伊比例亚人。更为引人注目的是那些圆形石结构，其中最重要的是在维尔特郡发现的巨石阵。

　　2. The Celts may originally have come from eastern and central Europe, they came to Britain in three main waves: the first wave was the Gaels, the second was Britons and the third was Belgae.

　　凯尔特人最初来自于东欧及中欧，他们入侵英国分三次高潮：第一次是盖尔人;第二次是布立吞人;第三次是比利其人。

　　3. Julius Caesar, the great roman general, invaded Britain for the first time in 55BC. For nearly 400 years, Britain was under roman occupation.

　　伟大的罗马将军朱略思，恺撒，于公元前55年第一次入侵英国。将近400年，英国人处于罗马的占领下。

　　4. The roman built two great walls to keep the Picts. There were the Hadrian’s wall running from Carlisle to Newcastle, and the Antonine wall linking the estuaries of the Forth and the Clyde.

　　罗马人修建了座长城以抵御皮特人。一条是哈德良长城，从卡莱尔到纽卡斯尔，另一条是链接福斯河口和克莱德河口的安东尼长城。

　　5. The Romans made use of Britain’s natural resources, mining lead, iron and tin and manufacturing pottery.

　　罗马人很好地利用了英国的自然资源，开采铅矿、铁矿和锡矿以及生产陶瓷。

　　6. In the mid-5th century a new wave of invaders, Jutes, Saxons, and Angles came to Britain, they were three Teutonic tribes.

　　五世纪中叶，朱特人，撒克逊人和安各鲁人不断入侵英国。这是三支日尔曼部落。

　　7. These seven principal kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Essex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria have given the name of Heptarch.

　　这七个主要的王国：肯特、威塞克斯、苏塞克斯、埃赛克斯、东安各鲁，麦西亚和诺森薄利亚合称七王国。

　　8. At the beginning of ninth century, under their king Egbert the West Saxons of defeated the Mercies. In 89, Egbert became an overlord of all the England.

　　九世纪初，在国王埃格伯特的带领下，西撒克逊人打败了麦西亚人。89年，埃格伯特成了整个英国的最高君主。

　　9. In 597, pope Gregory I sent st.Augustine to England to convert the heathen English to Christianity. Augustine was remarkably successfully in converting the king and the nobility.

　　597年，教皇格里高利派遣圣奥古斯廷去英格兰，使异教徒的英国人皈依基督教。在使国王和贵族皈依基督教方面，圣奥古斯廷特别成功。

　　10. Alferd, king of Wessex, was strong enough to defeat the Danes. He is known as the “father of Britain navy”.

　　威塞克斯的国王阿尔佛雷德非常强大，打败了丹麦人，他以“英国海军之父”闻名于史。

　　11. When Ethebred’s death left no strong Saxon successor, the Witan chose Canute the Danish leader, as king in 1016.

　　埃塞尔雷德死后没有留下有实力的撒克逊继承人，于是贤人会议选择了丹麦首领克努特为国王。

　　12. King Edward seemed more concerned with building Westminster Abbey than with affairs of state. He was far more Norman than Saxon.

　　爱德华国王对国事的关心远不及对威斯敏斯特大教堂的修建，他更像诺曼人而非撒克逊人。

　　13. Anglo-Saxon England perished with Harold’s death. William was crowned king of England in Westminster Abbey by the Archbishop of York.

　　随着哈罗德德死亡，安各鲁撒克逊人的英国消失了，在威斯敏斯特大教堂，约克大主教加冕威廉为英格兰国王。

　　14. The Norman conquest of England is perhaps the best-known event in English history. Under William, the feudal system in England was completely established.

　　诺曼征服或许是英国历史上最著名的事件，至此，英格兰的封建制度被完全建立起来。

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