2022年英语专四模拟练习1

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　　完形填空

　　1. ecide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on ANSWER SHEET TWO.

　　Have we ever had judicious criteria on who are heroes and who are fools in science? Have we ever had people believe in those seemingly self-evident judgments? In the (1) model of scientific " progress ", we begin in superstitious ignorance and move toward final truth by the (2) accumulation of facts. In this complacent perspective, the history of science contains (3) than anecdotal interest—for it can only chronicle past errors and (4) the bricklayers for discerning (5) of final truth. It is as transparent as an old-fashioned drama: truth ( as we perceive it today) is the only arbiter and the world of (6) scientists is divided into good guys who are right and bad guys who are wrong.

　　Historians of science have utterly (7) this model during the past decade. Science is not a heartless pursuit of (8) information.

　　It is a creative human (9) , and its geniuses acting more as artists than as information processors. (10) in theory are not simply the results of new discoveries (11) the work of creative imagination (12) by contemporary social and political (13)

　　We should not judge the past (14) anachronistic spectacles of our own convictions—designating as heroes the scientists (15) we judge to be right (16) that had nothing to do with their own (17) .We are (18) foolish if we call Anaximander (sixth century B. C. ) an evolutionist because, in advocating a (19) role for water among the four elements, he held that life first (20) the sea; yet most textbooks so credit him.

　　2. [A] connotative [B] conventional

　　[C] convectional [D] concentrative

　　3. [A] successive [B] continuous

　　[C] sequential [D] seriate

　　4. [A] little much [B] a little much

　　[C] little more [D] a little more

　　5. [A] give [B] credit

　　[C] prize [D] approve

　　6. [A] peeps B] sights

　　[C] glances [D] glimpses

　　7. [A] passing [B] passed

　　[C] past [D] pass

　　8. [A] credited [B] discredited

　　[C] approved [D] praised

　　9. [A] outer [B] external

　　[C] surface [D] objective

　　10. [A] activity [B] action

　　[C] act [D] acting

　　11. [A] Movements [B] Outcomes

　　[C] Changes [D] Advances

　　12. [A] as [B] but

　　[C] when [D] so

　　13. [A] influencing [B] influenced

　　[C] having influenced [D] are influenced

　　14. [A] forces [B] force

　　[C] strength [D] strengths

　　15. [A] with [B] at

　　[C] in [D] through

　　16. [A] whoever [B] what

　　[C] whom [D] which

　　17. [A] according to criteria [B] up to standard

　　[C] by criteria [D] to standard

　　18. [A] care [B] cares

　　[C] concern [D] concerns

　　19. [A] usually [B] only

　　[C] simply [D] justly

　　20. [A] primitive [B] primary

　　[C] prior [D] privileged

　　21. [A] inhabited [B] survived

　　[C] dwelled [D] appeared

　　语法&词汇

　　1. So far, the Browns ______in Tangshan for twenty years.

　　[A] have lived [B] lives

　　[C] live [D] are living

　　2. Ten thousand dollars ______ not enough to buy a new car.

　　[A] is [B] are

　　[C] were [D] has been

　　3. Let's take the train there near the bank, ______we?

　　[A] will [B] won't

　　[C] shall [D] shan't

　　4. Who is the writer ______wrote the book on the table?

　　[A] who [B] that

　　[C] whom [D] which

　　5. I missed the last bus last night, so I could not but ______all the way home.

　　[A] walking [B] to walk

　　[C] have walked [D] walk

　　6. Which of the following sentences expresses "probability" ?

　　[A] You can get there in 20 minutes' walk. [B] He couldn't walk any step farther.

　　[C] The news can't be true. [D] Could I take this home?

　　7. We still had great fun while watching some good-looking birds ______"wild strangers".

　　[A] called [B] calls

　　[C] calling [D] call

　　8. What does "If you were a fish, maybe you could know its feelings" mean?

　　[A] You are not a fish, so you don't know how it feels.

　　[B] You are a fish, and maybe you know how it feels.

　　[C] You know how a fish feels, don't you?

　　[D] You were not a fish, were you?

　　9. He makes ______to take a cold bath every day.

　　[A] it is a rule [B] it as a rule

　　[C] it a rule [D] that a rule

　　10. He was ______give her a blow to the face.

　　[A] so angry that [B] such angry as to

　　[C] such angry that [D] so angry as to

　　11. She came ______as soon as she saw me.

　　[A] having cried [B] to be crying

　　[C] crying [D] to have been crying

　　12. It seems that some writers are greater than ______.

　　[A] the others [B] the other

　　[C] others [D] other

　　13. The old man carries an umbrella ______he goes out for a walk.

　　[A] whenever [B] however

　　[C] wherever [D] whatever

　　14. Only after he read the article again ______that he had made a big mistake.

　　[A] Jack has realized [B] did Jack realize

　　[C] has Jack realized [D] Jack realized

　　15. Mr. Chen lost a lot of money in his business.

　　[A] So did he [B] So he did

　　[C] So was he [D] So he was

　　16. The doctor ______a new medicine for the pain in my joints.

　　[A] prescribed [B] ordered

　　[C] advised [D] delivered

　　17. The noise was so ______that only those with excellent hearing were aware of it.

　　[A] slight [B] soft

　　[C] faint [D] gentle

　　18. The doctor ordered the woman to be ______all solid food for at least 24 hours.

　　[A] taken off [B] kept off

　　[C] got off [D] set off

　　19. This vase would be perfect but for a few small ______in its base.

　　[A] faults [B] flaws

　　[C] shortcomings [D] weaknesses

　　20. The designing of a satellite in the heavenly environment is ______an easy job.

　　[A] by all means [B] by no means

　　[C] by any means [D] by means of

　　21. The Summer Palace is one of the most popular tourist ______in China.

　　[A] scenes [B] seats

　　[C] sights [D] sites

　　22. Why must we ______to the established standards of the culture?

　　[A] confine [B] confirm

　　[C] conform [D] confront

　　23. Henry's news report covering the conference was so ______that nothing had been omitted.

　　[A] understanding [B] comprehensible

　　[C] comprehensive [D] understandable

　　24. The mayor ______the fireman's bravery in his opening speech.

　　[A] applauded [B] enhanced

　　[C] elevated [D] clapped

　　25. It made me sick ______the sight of the traffic accident.

　　[A] in [B] for

　　[C] at [D] with

　　26. I don't ______his idea about how to catch the criminal; I think it's dangerous.

　　[A] go for [B] make for

　　[C] take for [D] call for

　　27. I was caught in the shower on my way home and got wet to the______ when I got home.

　　[A] body [B] chest

　　[C] head [D] skin

　　28. The increase of wages should be ______to the rise in price.

　　[A] considerable [B] proportional

　　[C] responsible [D] reasonable

　　29. Very ______is a specialist capable of being an administrator.

　　[A] commonly [B] scarcely

　　[C] rarely [D] hardly

　　30. The reason why he adapted to the new situations quickly is that he has a(n)______attitude.

　　[A] changeable [B] alternate

　　[C] movable [D] flexible

　　阅读理解

　　1. TEXT A

　　He is waiting at the airline ticket counter when he first notices the young woman. She has glossy black hair pulled tightly into a knot at the back of her head—the man imagines it loosed and cascading to her small back— and carries over her shoulder of her leather coat a heavy black purse. She wears black boots of soft leather. He struggles to see her face—she is ahead of him in line—but it is not until she has bought her ticket and turns to walk away that he realizes her beauty, which is pale and dark-eyed and full-mouthed, and which quickens his heart beat. ① She seems aware that he is staring at her and lowers her gaze abruptly.

　　The airline clerk interrupts. The man gives up looking at the woman—he thinks she may be about twenty- five—and buys a round-trip, coach class ticket to an eastern city. His flight leaves in an hour. To kill time, the man steps into one of the airport cocktail bars and orders a scotch and water. While he sips it he watches the flow of travelers through the terminal—including a remarkable number, he thinks, of unattached pretty women dressed in fashion magazine clothes—until he catches sight of the black-haired girl in the leather coat. She is standing near a Travelers Aid counter, deep in conversation with a second girl, a blond in a cloth coat trimmed with gray fur. He wants somehow to attract the brunette's attention, to invite her to have a drink with him before her own flight leaves for wherever she is traveling, but even though he believes for a moment she is looking his way he cannot catch her eye from out of the shadows of the bar. ② In another instant the two women separate; neither of their direction is toward him. He orders a second scotch and water.

　　When next he sees her, he is buying a magazine to read during the flight and becomes aware that someone is jostling him. At first he is startled that anyone would be so close as to touch him, but when he sees who it is he musters a smile. "Busy place," he says. She looks up at him—is she blushing?—and an odd grimace crosses her mouth and vanishes. She moves away from him and joins the crowds in the terminal.

　　The man is at the counter with his magazine, but when he reaches into his back pocket for his wallet the pocket is empty. Where could I have lost it? He thinks. His mind begins enumerating the credit cards, the currency, the membership and identification cards; his stomach churns with something very like fear. The girl who was so near to me, he thinks—and all at once he understands that she has picked his pocket.

　　2. Which of the following about the young woman is CORRECT?

　　[A] She wears long black hair. [B] She is too proud to notice the man.

　　[C] She has dark eyes and full lips. [D] She is quite tall and slim.

　　3. What does "sips" in Paragraph Two probably mean?

　　[A] To drink in small mouthfuls. [B] To drink in a gracious manner.

　　[C] To drink hastily and quickly. [D] To drink casually but politely.

　　4. We can infer from the passage that the man ______.

　　[A] has fallen in love with the dark-haired girl [B] knows where the dark-haired girl is going

　　[C] is transferred to an eastern city [D] seems to like observing others

　　5. The girl's attitude towards the man can be described as______.

　　[A] admiring [B] mocking

　　[C] timid [D] hateful

　　6. There are two moments that Alice and Henry remember with exceptional poignancy. The first occurred near the beginning of their relationship, when they looked at each other with the full knowledge of loving and being loved. Years later, they looked into each other's eyes and suddenly saw a stranger; their attitudes shaped by hurt and anger.

　　This couple came to consult me because they wanted to learn if there was any possibility of re-igniting the flame that had once burned between them. ① Both acted almost ashamed, as if they knew they once had something precious and had somehow betrayed it. ②

　　Alice and Henry asked me a question I hear many times in my counseling practice. Are there specific ways in which couples who remain happy in love behave differently from couples who do not? The answer, I told them, is yes. My own studies, as well as those of other marriage counselors, show that happy couples consistently exhibit these behaviors: They say, "I love you. " Happy couples express their love in words. They do not say, "What do you mean, do I love you? I married you, didn't 1.9 Saying the words," one woman remarked, "is a way of touching. " They express their appreciation and admiration. Successful couples talk about what they like in each other.

　　"My husband had always been my best audience," one woman said to me. "Whether it's something I did at work that day, or a clever remark I made at party—he seems to notice everything. He lets me see his pride and delight. I feel like I'm standing in the most marvelous spotlight. I only hope I'm as good at expressing my appreciation of him, because I'll tell you something: being loved is the second-best thing in the world; loving someone is the best. "

　　They reveal themselves to each other. Happy couples share their inner lives with each other more than with any other person. They share thoughts, feelings, hopes and aspirations as well as hurt, anger, longing, and memories of painful or embarrassing experiences. They offer each other emotional support. Couples who are happy are there for each other in times of illness, difficulty and crisis. They are best friends and nurture each other.

　　They express love materially. Happy couples give gifts on more than just routine occasions, or perform tasks in order to lighten the partner's burdens. The cost of such gifts is not relevant. What is relevant is the underlying intention: to give pleasure to the partner. The reward is the expression of joy or satisfaction on the partner's face.

　　They accept demands and put up with shortcomings. Demands and shortcomings are integral to every happy relationship. So are the benevolence and grace with which successful couples respond to them. They do not torment themselves or each other over imperfections. Each knows he or she is not perfect. Both understand that their partner's virtues outweigh his or her flaws. They choose to enjoy the positives rather than drown the relationship in a preoccupation with the negatives.

　　7. Alice and Henry came to consult "me" because they______.

　　[A] did not know what had happened to them

　　[B] hoped to resume the affection they once had for each other

　　[C] felt ashamed of their behaviors in their marriage

　　[D] wanted to know how to be on good terms with others

　　8. A happy couple and an unhappy one may NOT differ in the way of______.

　　[A] showing one's affection [B] expressing one's admiration

　　[C] caring for each other [D] talking about their lives

　　9. The word "nurture" in Paragraph 5 means______.

　　[A] feed [B] love

　　[C] sustain [D] understand

　　10. According to the passage, we can infer that ______.

　　[A] happy couples try their best to maintain their good relationship

　　[B] happy couples can enjoy their marriage for their whole life

　　[C] unhappy couples take their relationship for granted

　　[D] unhappy couples just want to separate from each other

　　11. he passage aims to tell people______.

　　[A] how to be kind to others [B] how to get along with others

　　[C] how to save one's marriage [D] how to live happily

　　12. he average young American now spends practically every waking minute—except for the time in school, though reluctantly—using a smart phone, computer, television or other electronic devices, according to a new study.

　　Those ages 8 to 18 spend seven and a half hours a day with such devices, compared with less than six and a half hours five years ago. And that does not count the hour and a half that youths spend texting, or the half hour they talk on their cellphones. And because so many of them are multitasking—say, surfing the Internet while listening to music—they pack on average nearly 11 hours of media content into that seven and a half hours.

　　The study's findings shocked its authors, who had concluded in 2005 that use could not possibly grow further, and confirmed the fears of many parents whose children are constantly tethered to media devices. ① It found, moreover, that heavy media use is associated with several negatives, including behavior problems and lower grades.

　　Dr. Michael Rich, a pediatrician at Children's Hospital Boston who directs the Center on Media and Child Health, said that with media use so ubiquitous, it was time to stop arguing over whether it was good or bad and accept it as part of children's environment, "like the air they breathe, the water they drink and the food they eat. "

　　Contrary to popular wisdom, the heaviest media users reported spending a similar amount of time exercising as the light media users. Nonetheless, other studies have established a link between screen time and obesity.

　　While most of the young people in the study got good grades, 47 percent of the heaviest media users—those who consumed at least 16 hours a day—had mostly C's or lower, compared with 23 percent of those who typically consumed media three hours a day or less. The heaviest media users were also more likely than the lightest users to report that they were bored or sad, or that they got into trouble, did not get along well with their parents and were not happy at school. The study could not say whether the media use causes problems, or, rather, whether troubled youths turn to heavy media use.

　　"This is a stunner," said Donald F. Roberts, one of the authors of the study. "In the second report, I remember writing a paragraph saying we've hit a ceiling on media use, since there just aren't enough hours in the day to increase the time children spend on media.② But now it's up an hour. "

　　13. It can be inferred that young Americans probably ______.

　　[A] are not allowed to use electronic devices in school.

　　[B] prefer a smart phone to a computer or television.

　　[C] want to buy the newest electronic devices.

　　[D] are all very good at sending texting.

　　14. As to the time youngsters spend on electronic devices, they spend ______hours a day altogether.

　　[A] 6,5 [B] 7.5

　　[C] 9.5 [D] 11

　　15. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　[A] The researchers' prediction several yeas ago proved to be wrong.

　　[B] The overuse of media devices can do harm to youngsters.

　　[C] Many children became addicted to media devices in 2005.

　　[D] Many parents worried about their children's use of media devices.

　　16. The word "ubiquitous" in Paragraph 4 is close in meaning to______.

　　[A] prevailing [B] obvious

　　[C] notorious [D] disastrous

　　17. It can be inferred from the passage that generally people believe that______.

　　[A] the more time people spend on media use, the less time they spend on exercising

　　[B] the lightest media users spend more time in studying, exercising and sleeping

　　[C] the heaviest media users are more likely to suffer healthy problems

　　[D] the heaviest media users are more likely to have emotional problems

　　18. It seems that the time children spend on media______.

　　[A] has been unexpectedly increasing [B] is sure to be on the decline soon

　　[C] is not able to increase any more [D] is reported to reach its climax

　　19. A message to House Democrats: This is your moment of truth. You can do the right thing and pass the Senate health care bill. Or you can look for an easy way out, make excuses and fail the test of history.

　　Tuesday's Republican victory in the Massachusetts special election means that Democrats can't send a modified health care bill back to the Senate. That's a shame because the bill that would have emerged from House-Senate negotiations would have been better than the bill the Senate has already passed. ① But the Senate bill is much, much better than nothing. And all that has to happen to make it law is for the House to pass the same bill, and send it to President Obama's desk. Right now, Nancy Pelosi, the speaker of the House, says that she doesn't have the votes to pass the Senate bill. But there is no good alternative.

　　Some are urging Democrats to scale back their proposals in the hope of gaining Republican support. But anyone who thinks that would work must have spent the past year living on another planet. The fact is that the Senate bill is a centrist document, which moderate Republicans should find entirely acceptable. In fact, it's very similar to the plan Mitt Romney introduced in Massachusetts just a few years ago. Yet it has faced lock-step opposition from the G. O. P. , which is determined to prevent Democrats from achieving any successes. ② Why would this change now that Republicans think they're on a roll?

　　Alternatively, some call for breaking the health care plan into pieces so that the Senate can vote the popular pieces into law. But anyone who thinks that would work hasn't paid attention to the actual policy issues. Think of health care reform as being like a three-legged stool. You would, rightly, ridicule anyone who proposed saving money by leaving off one or two of the legs. Well, those who propose doing only the popular pieces of health care reform deserve the same kind of ridicule.

　　Now what about the suggestion that Democrats use reconciliation to enact health reform? That's a real option, which may become necessary. But reconciliation, which is basically limited to matters of taxing and spending, probably can't be used to enact many important aspects of reform. ~ In fact, it's not even clear if it could be used to ban discrimination based on medical history.

　　Ladies and gentlemen, the nation is waiting. Stop whining, and do what needs to be done.

　　20. We can infer that the author is ______Democrats' proposals in the health care bill.

　　[A] in favor of [B] in opposition to

　　[C] indifferent to [D] doubtful about

　　21. The suggestion to scale back Democrats' proposals for Republican support seems to be______.

　　[A] plausible [B] infeasible

　　[C] practical [D] moderate

　　22. The author is opposed to breaking the health care bill into pieces because______.

　　[A] it will be blamed [B] it will waste time

　　[C] it's useless to do that way [D] it should remain intact

　　23. It can be inferred that in the health care bill, there are some pieces concerning______.

　　[A] taxing and spending [B] medical discrimination

　　[C] the limited reform [D] necessary steps

　　24. The purpose of the passage is to______.

　　[A] urge House Democrats to modify a health care bill

　　[B] explain why a health care bill is necessary to pass

　　[C] call for House Democrats to pass a health care bill

　　[D] clarify the importance of a health care bill

　　写作

　　1.

　　According to the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, 7.1 million college graduates will chase jobs this year, including I million who failed to secure employment last year. In face of such a tough job market, what will college students do to prepare for the fierce job competition in the future?

　　Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:

　　How to Prepare for a Tough Job Market?

　　You are to write in three parts.

　　In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.

　　In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.

　　In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

　　Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

　　2. Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a note of about 50 -60 words based on the following situation:

　　Now you are writing a term-paper and you want to borrow a book from your classmate Kate. Leave her a note, telling her which book you need to borrow and the time you hope to keep the book.

　　Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.

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