2022英语专四写作范文积累：动物实验

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　　动物实验

　　Some people strongly oppose animal experimentation, believing

　　that it causes pain to animals, while some other people consider it necessary.

　　What is your opinion?

　　概述：主要针对动物的生存和人类与动物的关系问题。动物一直被人类用作各种用途(for practical

　　purposes)，包括娱乐(马戏团)、消遣(宠物)、 食用(家禽和家畜)、调查和研究(实验室动物)、商用(毛皮和药材)，诸如此类。动物保护是现在

　　常被讨论的话题。

　　保护动物主要有以下一些意义：

　　维护生态系统(maintain natural ecosystems)，保持生态平衡，确保可持续发展(consistent with the

　　principle of sustainable development);

　　人类可以从动物身上获得灵感(draw on animal-based research for inspiration);

　　人类可以探知物种的起源(the origin of life)，进行科学研究(scientific research);

　　动物有生存的权利(animal rights)，应该维护动物的权益(animal welfare)

　　解析：

　　支持把动物作为实验对象的观点：

　　动物不能够进行道德的判断，也不会尊重其他动物的权利(recognize the rights of other

　　species)，没有能力做道德上的选择(have no capacity to make moral

　　choices)，因此动物比人类低等，不能够等同于人类;

　　人类目前找不到替代动物的实验品(replacements);

　　动物的神经系统不如人类发达，痛楚已经最小化(minimize pain)，而如果在人体上做实验是不人道的 (Vivisection practiced

　　on human beings is inhumane);动物和人相似 (bear a resemblance to

　　humans)，对外部的影响和人类反应类似(respond similarly to external

　　disturbances)，因此最适宜做人类的替代品;

　　人类的利益应该建立在动物利益之上(human interests should be placed above animal

　　welfare)，利用动物做实验有助于科技的发展。

　　反对把动物作为实验对象的观点：

　　动物的生存权(the right to life)需要被保护，禁止虐待行为(the prohibition of torture);

　　很多时候，动物实验的目的只是为了一些商业用途(industrial products)，这是不道德的;

　　动物实验的结果和信息是不可靠的，具有误导性(unreliable and misleading)，毕竟人类和动物有很大的不同(many

　　differences between humans and animals)

　　专四作文范文

　　Perhaps no subject in the moral community is as controversial as animal

　　testing. Animals, many people believe, merit more humane treatment. When

　　animal-based experiments have long been the centre of criticism, I am of the

　　opinion that such experiments are essential to both the well-being of human

　　beings and that of animals.

　　There is little doubt, first of all, that most of the animal-based

　　experiments are conducted for the development of technology and to date, there

　　is little chance of finding satisfying substitutions for animals, Animals are

　　used mainly because they bear a close resemblance to humans, either in behaviour

　　or in cell structure. They respond to external disturbances (such as electrical

　　shock) nearly in the same manner as humans do. There is much evidence that most

　　of what people know about themselves, including pain, stress, reproduction and

　　nutrition, is based on findings of animal-based experiments. Animal testing

　　proves one of the main approaches to predict the risk when drugs or other

　　products are used on humans.

　　Another fact to support animal-based experiment is that animals are not the

　　equivalent of humans, and can be used as resources for human purposes. Animals

　　have no capacity to recognize the rights of other species. Nor will they take in

　　consideration the interests of other species. It is possibly one of the main

　　reasons why animals feed on each other. Humans, by comparison, use animal

　　experimentations not only for their own interests but also for the interests of

　　animals. For example, some medical discoveries can be used by veterinary

　　surgeons to give medical care and treatment to sick animals.

　　Despite the justifications given for vivisection, researchers have the

　　obligation to reduce animal testing and animal suffering. There is a growing

　　recognition that animal tests are mostly done for commercial purposes and most

　　of them are avoidable. For instance, the cosmetic industry has been exploiting

　　animal experimentation simply for diversifying products and maximizing profits.

　　The fewer cosmetic products people use, the fewer animals they have to

　　slaughter. When scientists are empowered to carry out cruel experiments like

　　vivisection, such powers should not be abused.

　　To summarize, one can subscribe to the notion that animals can be taken as

　　resources intended for the benefit of humans, although meanwhile it is certain

　　that suffering should be controlled to the minimum during experimentation.

　　近义词表

　　1. merit=deserve:值得

　　2. substitution=replacement:替代品

　　3. resemblance=sameness=similarity:相似

　　4. equivalent=counterpart;匹配的人或者物

　　5. capacity=ability-capability=competence=aptitude=power: 能力

　　6. feed on=eat=survive on:以…为食

　　7. slaughter=kill=massacre=slay=butcher:屠杀，屠宰

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