2023英语专业四级阅读理解练习(15)

2023英语专业四级阅读理解练习(15)

　　专四备考中，掌握一些英语专四备考攻略，可以帮助大家更高效的备考英语专四，那么具体的这些攻略都有哪些?下面小编为大家整理了“2023英语专业四级阅读理解练习(15)”，希望同学们可以更好的进行积累训练，在接下来的专四考试中，能够顺利完成考试。

　　A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the

　　use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid ) fingerprinting in criminal investigations.

　　DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals

　　based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA

　　is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting

　　has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity where

　　it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the

　　area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful

　　and controversial uses.

　　DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized

　　criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the

　　attempt to trove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal

　　investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA

　　fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the

　　scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to

　　convict a suspect.

　　The controversy in 1998 stemmed form a report published in December 1991 by

　　population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge,

　　Mass., and Daniel L. Hartl called into question the methods to calculate how

　　likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance

　　alone. In particular, they argued that the current method cannot properly

　　determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from

　　the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are

　　members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys

　　of DNA patterns methods are adequate.

　　In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty

　　of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K.Kidd of Yale University in

　　New Haven, Conn., argued that enough data are already available to show that the

　　methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the federal

　　Bureau of Investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that

　　they would collect additional DNA samples form various ethnic groups in an

　　attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, a National Academy of

　　Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA testing

　　laboratories.

　　1.Before DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects____.

　　A.would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigations

　　B.would have to submit evidence for their innocence

　　C.could easily escape conviction of guilt

　　D.cold be convicted of guilt as well

　　2.DNA fingerprinting can be unreliable when ____.

　　A.the methods used for blood- cell calculation are not accurate

　　B.two different individuals of the same ethnic group may have the same DNA

　　fingerprinting pattern

　　C.a match is by chance left with fingerprints that happen to belong to two

　　different individuals

　　D.two different individuals leave two DNA samples.

　　3.To geneticists like Lewontin and Hartl, the current method ____.

　　A.is not so convincing as to exclude the likelihood that two DNA samples

　　can never come from two individuals

　　B.is arguable because two individuals of the same ethnic group are likely

　　to have the same DNA pattern.

　　C.Is not based on adequate scientific theory of genetics

　　D.Is theoretically contradictory to what they have been studying

　　4.The attitude of the Federal Bereau of Investigation shows that ____.

　　A.enough data are yet to be collected form various ethnic groups to confirm

　　the unlikelihood of two DNA samples coming from two individual members

　　B.enough data of DNA samples should be collected to confirm that only DNA

　　samples form the same person can match

　　C.enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to

　　determine the likelihood of two different DNA samples coming form the same

　　person

　　D.additional samples from various ethnic groups should be collected to

　　determine that two DNA samples are unlikely to come from the same person

　　5.National Academy of Sciences holds the stance that ____.

　　A.DNA testing should be systematized

　　B.Only authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testing

　　C.The academy only is authorized to work out standards for testing

　　D.The academy has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testing

　　答案：CBABB

　　以上就是为大家整理的“2023英语专业四级阅读理解练习(15)”，希望大家能够更好的掌握专四攻略，提高专四水平。

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