2024年专四阅读练习：健康与疾病

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　　健康与疾病

　　A study published in the New England journal ofMedicine estimated that there are an average of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U.S. flights everyday. Most of them are not grave; fainting, dizziness and hyperventilation (换气过度) are themost frequent complaints, But 13% of them-roughly four a day-are serious enough to require a pilot to change course. The most commonof the serious emergencies include heart trouble (46%), strokes and other neurologicalproblems (18%), and difficult breathing (6%).

　　Let's face it: plane riders are stressful. For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are setat roughly what they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. Most peoplecan tolerate these pressures pretty easily, but passengers with heart disease may experiencechest pains as a result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood. Lowpressure can also cause the air in body cavities to expand-as much as 30%+ Again, mostpeople won't notice anything beyond mild stomach cramping. But if you've recently had anoperation, your wound could open. And if' a medical device has been implanted in your body-asplint, a tracheotomy(气管切开术)tube or a catheter (导管)-it could expand and cause injury.

　　Another common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis(深静脉血栓)-the so-calledeconomy-class syndrome, When you sit too long in a cramped position. the blood in our legstends to clot. Most people just get sore calves. But blood clots, left untreated, could travel tothe lungs, causing breathing difficulties and even death. Such clots are readily prevented bykeeping blood flowing; walk and stretch your legs when possible,

　　Whatever you do, don't panic. Things are looking up on the in-flight-emergency front. Doctorswho come to passengers' aid used to worry about getting sued; their fears have liftedsomewhat since the 1998 Aviation Medical Assistance Act gave them"good Samaritan" protection. And thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at least one attendant arestarting to install emergency medical kits with automated defibrillators (电击去颤器) to treatheart attacks.

　　Are you still wondering if you are healthy enough to fly? If you can walk 150 it. or climb aflight of stairs without getting winded, you'll probably do just fine, Having a doctor close bydoesn't hurt, either.

　　16.Heart disease takes up about__________ofthe in-flight medical emergencies on US flights.

　　A) 13%

　　B) 460/o

　　C) 18%

　　D) 6%

　　17.According to the passage, the expansion of air in body cavities can resultin____________.

　　A) heart attack

　　B) chest pain

　　C) stomach cramping

　　D) difficult breathing

　　18.According to the passage, why does deep venous thrombosis usually happen?

　　A) Because the economy class is not spacious enough.

　　B) Because there are too many economy-class passengers.

　　C) Because passengers are not allowed to walk during the flight.

　　D) Because the low pressure in the cabin prevents blood flowing smoothly.

　　19.According to the J998 Aviation Medical Assistance Act, Doctors who came topassengers' aid__________.

　　A) do not have to be worried even if they give the patients improper treatment

　　B) will not be submitted to legal responsibility even if the patients didn't recover

　　C) are assisted by advanced emergency medical kits

　　D) will be greatly respected by the patient and the crew

　　20.The phrase "getting winded" (Line 2. Para. 5) is closest in meaningto____________.

　　A) falling over

　　B) being out of breath

　　C) spraining the ankle

　　D) moving in a curving line

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