2003年英语专八真题听力原文

2003年英语专八真题听力原文

　　2003年英语专业八级考试听力原文

　　PART Ⅰ

　　LISTENING COMPREHENSION

　　SECTION A TALK

　　When we talk about a modern company, we usuallyhave managers, employees, products, research anddevelopment or marketing in mind. However, inreality, a company is not just made up of theseelements. There are other things that make a company what it is. This morning, we are going tolook at some other aspects of a company. Let’s first take a look at the offices. The physicalsurroundings of most modern companies, especially offices are becoming more and moresimilar. Although there are some differences from country to country, one office looks much likeanother. Office furniture and equipment tends to be similar, desks, chairs, filing cabinets,computers, etc. “What is important about offices?”you may ask, “What the atmosphere of thework place can often influence the effectiveness of a company’s employees?”Modern offices aremore spacious and better laid, heated, ventilated and airconditioned than in the past. But ofcourse, this is the feature that varies from firm to firm, and may be dependant on the size ofthe company and its cooperate philosophy. In some comanies, the employees work in large,open-plan offices without walls between the departments; in others, the staff members workmore privately in individual offices. No matter what the office’s law is like, modern companies payspecial attention to the physical surroundings in order to create an atmosphere conducive tohigher working efficiency. Another related point when talking about offices is the workrelations with other people at the place of work. They include relationships with fellowemployees, workers or colleagues. A great part of work or job satisfaction, some people saythe major portion, comes from getting on with others at work. Work relations were alsoincluded those between management and employees. These relations are not alwaysstraightforward, particularly as the management's assessment of how your performing canbe crucial to your future career.

　　Now I’d like to say a bit more about the relations between management and employees. Therewill also be matters about which employees will want to talk to the management. In smallbusinesses, the boss will probably work alongside his or her workers. Anything that needs to besorted out will be done face to face as soon as the problem arises. There will be no formalmeetings for procedures. But the larger the business, the less direct contact there will bebetween employees and management. Special meetings have to be held and procedures set upto say when, where, how and what circumstances the employees can talk to the management.Some companies have specially organized consultive committees for this purpose. In manycountries of the world today, particularly in large firms, employees join a trade union and askthe union to represent them to the management. Through the union all categories of employeescan pass on the complaints they have and try to get things changed. The process, throughwhich unions negotiate with management on behalf of their members is called, collectivebargaining. Instead of each employee trying to bargain alone with the company, the employeesjoin together and collectively put forward their views. Occasionally a firm will refuse torecognize the right of a union to negotiate for its members, and its dispute over unionrecognition will arise. Whether there is an agreement, bargaining or negotiation will takeplace. A compromise agreement may be reached. When this is not possible, the sides can goto arbitration and bring in a third party from outside to say what they think should happen.

　　However, sometimes one of the sides decides to take industrial action. The management canlock out the employees and prevent them from coming to work. This used to be quitecommon, but it's rarely used today. The main courses of action open to a trade union arestrike, a ban on working overtime, “working to rule”, that is when employees work according tothe company rule book, "go slows", which means that employees may spend more time doingthe same job, and “picketing”, which means the employees stand outside the entrance to thebusiness location, hoarding outside to show that they are in conflict with the management.Every country has its own tradition of industrial relations, so it’s difficult to generalize. In somebusinesses, unions are not welcomed by the management, but it others, the unions play animportant role both in the everyday working relations of individual companies, and also in thesocial and political life of the country.

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