2014英语专业八级全真模拟试题(4)

PART 2 READING

TEXT D
Students of United States history, seeking to identify, the circumstances that encouraged the emergence offeminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and socialconditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the developmentof specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins offeminism in the United States have been obscured became, even when historians did take into account thosefeminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a Iruly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as"solitary" and "individual theorists" Were in reality connected to a movement--utopian socialism--which wasalready popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women's rightsconference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins anddevelopment of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widenedto include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include theideological development of feminism.

The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist partof Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group's contribution to early socialism. This isregrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Salnt-Simonianism and entirely absorbedits adherents' energy. Hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism, Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians'appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.

Salnt-Simun's followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his projectto reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would beruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflectsthe fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men andwomen, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.
Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minoritybelieved that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-femaledifferences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was thatwomen would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with animproved way of life.

26. It can be inferred fi'om the passage that the Seneca Falls conference __
A. aimed at simulating feminist movements in America
B. was the culminating achievement of the Utop.ian socialist movement
C. discussed the ideological development of feminism
D. focused on women's rights in America

27. What does the author think about most European historians who have studied the Saint-Simonians?
A. They have studied more of the group's contribution to socialism.
B. They have sthdied the group's feminist part.
C. They have made a thorough investigation into feminism in France.
D. They are the only authority on Saint-Simonism.

28. According to the passage, the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians would be one in which ~
A. women could obtain superior rights
B. women played a vital role in politics
C. the two genders competed with each other
D. the two genders had equal status

29. It can be inferred from the passage that all Saint-Simonians _______
A. have different ideas regarding sexual equality
B. believe that sexual equality benefits women more than it does to men
C. believe in the innateness of differences between men and women
D. regard gender differences as a result of education

30. Which is the main idea of the passage?
A. The origin of American feminism.
B. The development of American feminism.
C. The feminist part of Saint-Simenianism.
D. Saint-Simonianism and utopian socialism.

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