2002年英语专业八级考试真题（附听力mp3及答案）

　　2002年英语专业八级考试真题

　　TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2002)GRADE EIGHT

　　PAPER ONE

　　PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN)

　　In sections A , B and C, you will hear everythingONCE ONLY, listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the correct response foreach question on your Colored Answer Sheet.

　　SECTION A TALK

　　Questions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk.

　　1. According to the passage, during the 18th and 19th centuries cities were small in size mainlybecause .

　　A. the urban population was stable B. few people lived in cities

　　C. transport was backward D. it was originally planned

　　2. Cities survived in those days largely as a result of .

　　A. the trade activities they undertook

　　B. the agriculture activities in the nearby areas

　　C. their relatively small size

　　D. the non-economic roles they played

　　3. City dwellers were engaged in all the following economic activities EXCEPT ______.

　　A. commerce B. distribution

　　C. processing D. transportation

　　4. Urban people left cities for the following reasons EXCEPT .

　　A. more economic opportunities

　　B. a freer social and political environment

　　C. more educational opportunities

　　D. a more relaxed religious environment

　　5. Why did the early cities fail to grow as quickly as expected throughout the 18th century?

　　A. Because the countryside attracted more people.

　　B. Because cities did not increase in number.

　　C. Because the functions of the cities changed.

　　D. Because the number of city people was stable.

　　-

　　SECTION B INTERVIEW

　　Questions 6 to 10 are based on an interview with an architect. At the end of the interviewyou will be given 13 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to theinterview.

　　6. According to Janet, the factor that would most affect negotiation is ____

　　A. English language proficiency

　　B. different cultural practices

　　C. different negotiation tasks

　　D. the international Americanized style

　　7. Janet's attitude towards the Americanized style as a model for business negotiation is______.

　　A. supportive B. negative C. ambiguous D. cautious

　　8. Which of the following can NOT be seen as a difference between Brazilian and Americannegotiators?

　　A. Americans prepare more points before negotiations.

　　B. Americans are more straightforward during negotiations.

　　C. Brazilians prefer more eye contact during negotiations.

　　D. Brazilians seek more background information.

　　9. Which group of people seems to be the most straightforward?

　　A. The British. B. Germans.

　　C. Americans. D. Not mentioned.

　　10. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Japanese negotiators?

　　A. Reserved. B. Prejudiced. C. Polite. D. Prudent.

　　SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

　　Questions 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15seconds to answer the two questions. Now listen to the news.

　　11. The news item is mainly about

　　A. a call for research papers to be read at the conference

　　B. an international conference on traditional Tibetan medicine

　　C. the number of participants at the conference and their nationalities

　　D. the preparations made by the sponsors for the international conference

　　Question 12 and 13 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will begiven 30 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.

　　12. The news item mainly concerns in Hong Kong.

　　A. Internet centres B. an IBM seminar

　　C. e-government D. broadcasting

　　13. The aims of the three policy objectives include all the following EXCEPT

　　A. improvement of government efficiency

　　B. promotion of e-commerce

　　C. integration of service delivery

　　D. formulation of Digital 21 Strategy

　　Questions 14 to 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will begiven 30 seconds to answer the two questions. Now listen to the news.

　　14. Which of the following records was the second best time of the year by Donovan Bailey?

　　A. 9.98. B. 9.80. C. 9.91. D. 9.95.

　　15. The record shows that Bailey was .

　　A. still suffering from an injury B. getting back in shape

　　C. unable to compete with Greene D. less confident than before

　　SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING

　　In this section you will hear a mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take noteson the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paperfor note-taking. Fill in each of the gaps with one word. You may refer to your notes. Make surethe word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.

　　Study Activities in University

　　In order to help college and university students in the process of learning, four key studyactivities have been designed and used to encourage them to make knowledge their own.

　　1. Essay writing: central focus of university work esp. in the humanities, e.g. (1)_ .

　　benefits: 1) helping to select interesting content in books and to express understanding.

　　enabling teachers to know progress and to offer (2) .

　　familiarizing students with exam forms.

　　2. Seminars and classroom discussion: another form to internalize knowledge in specializedcontexts

　　benefits: 1) (3) enables you to know the effectiveness of and others' response to your speechimmediately.

　　Within the same period of time, more topics can be dealt with than in (4) .

　　The use of a broader range of knowledge is encouraged.

　　3. Individual tutorials: a substitute for group discussion

　　format: from teacher (5) to flexible conversation.

　　benefit: encouraging ideas and interaction.

　　4. Lectures: a most (6) used study activity

　　disadvantages: 1) less (7)____ than discussions or tutorial.

　　2) more demanding in note-taking.

　　advantages: 1) providing a general (8) of a subject under discussion.

　　offering more easily understood versions of a theory.

　　updating students on (9) developments.

　　allowing students to follow different (10)_____

　　(1) ______ (2) ______ (3) ______ (4) ______ ( 5 ) ______

　　(6) ______ (7) ______ (8) ______ (9) ______ (10) ______

　　PART II PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)

　　The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error andthree are free from error. In each case, only one word is involved. You should proofread thepassage and correct it in the following way.?

　　For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided atthe end of the line.?

　　For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the wordyou believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.?

　　For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the wordin the blank provided at the end of the line.?

　　If the line is correct, place a V in the blank provided at the end of the line

　　PART II PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)

　　The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error andthree are free from error. In each case, only one word is involved. You should proofread thepassage and correct it in the following way.?

　　For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided atthe end of the line.?

　　For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the wordyou believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.?

　　For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the wordin the blank provided at the end of the line.?

　　If the line is correct, place a V in the blank provided at the end of the line.

　　Example

　　When ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an

　　It never buys things in finished form and bangs (2) never

　　them on the wall. When a natural history museum (3) ∕

　　wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (4) exhibit

　　There are great impediments to the general use of a standard

　　in pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling

　　(orthography). One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt

　　'naturally' and consciously, and orthography is learnt (1)_____

　　deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact,

　　remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what (2)_____

　　our speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often (3)_____

　　comes as a shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. (4)_____

　　It is not a voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting

　　is something which we almost always know. We begin the "natural' (5)_____

　　learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or

　　write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and (6)____

　　practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours

　　per every day than we ever have to spend learning even our difficult (7)_____

　　English spelling. This is 'natural', therefore, that our speech-sounds (8)_____

　　should be those of our immediate circle? after all, as we have seen,

　　speech operates as a means of holding a community and (9)_____

　　giving a sense of 'belonging'. We learn quite early to recognize a

　　'stranger', someone who speaks with an accent of a different

　　community - perhaps only a few miles far. (10)_____

　　PART III READING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN)

　　SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)

　　In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choicequestions. Read the passages carefully and then mark your answers on your Colored AnswerSheet.

　　TEXT A

　　Do you ever feel as though you spend all your time in meeting?

　　Henry Mintzberg. in his book The Nature of Managerial Work, found that in large organizationsmanagers spent 22 percent of their time at their desk. 6 percent on the telephone. 3 percenton other activities, but a whopping 69 percent in meetings.

　　There is a widely-held but mistaken belief that meetings are for " solving problems" and "makingdecisions". For a start, the number of people attending a meeting tends to be inverselyproportional to their collective ability to reach conclusions and make decisions. And these arethe least important elements.

　　Instead hours are devoted to side issues, playing elaborate games with one another. Itseems, therefore, that meetings serve some purpose other than just making decisions.

　　All meetings have one thing in common: role-playing. The most formal role is that of chairman.He sets the agenda, and a good chairman will keep the meeting running on time and to thepoint. Sadly, the other, informal, role-players are often able to gain the upper hand. Chief isthe "constant talker", who just loves to hear his or her own voice.

　　Then there are the "can't do" types who want to maintain the status quo. Since they haveoften been in the organization for a long time, they frequently quote historical experience as anexcuse to block change: "It won't work, we tried that last year and it was a disaster. " A moresubtle version of the "can't do" type, the "yes, but...", has emerged recently. They have learntabout the need to sound positive, but they still can't bear to have things change.

　　Another whole sub-set of characters are people who love meetings and want them to continueuntil 5:30 p. m. or beyond. Irrelevant issues are their specialty. They need to call or attendmeetings, either to avoid work, or to justify their lack of performance, or simply becausethey do not have enough to do.

　　Then there are the "counter-dependents", those who usually disagree with everything that issaid, particularly if it comes from the chairman or through consensus from the group. Thesepeople need to fight authority in whatever form.

　　Meetings can also provide attenders with a sense of identification of their status and power.In this case, managers arrange meetings as a means of communicating to others theboundaries of their exclusive club: who is "in", and who is not.

　　Because so many meetings end in confusion and without a decision, another game is playedat the end of meetings, called reaching a false consensus. Since it is important for the chairmanto appear successful in problem-solving and making a decision, the group reaches a falseconsensus. Everyone is happy, having spent their time productively. The reality is that thedecision is so ambiguous that it is never acted upon, or, if it is, there is continuing conflict,for which another meeting is necessary. In the end, meetings provide the opportunity forsocial intercourse, to engage in battle in front of our bosses, to avoid unpleasant orunsatisfying work, to highlight our social status and identity. They are. in fact, a necessarythought not necessarily productive psychological sideshow. Perhaps it is our civilized way tomoderating, if not preventing, change.

　　16. On role-playing, the passage seems to indicate that chairman .

　　A. talks as much as participants

　　B. is usually a "constant talkers"

　　C. prefers to take the role of an observer

　　D. is frequently outshone by participants

　　17. Which of the following is NOT a distinct characteristic of the three types of participants?

　　A. Submissiveness. B. Stubbornness.

　　C. Disobedience. D. Lack of focus.

　　18. The passage suggests that a false consensus was reached at the end of a meeting in orderto .

　　A. make room for another meeting

　　B. bring an illusory sense of achievement

　　C. highlight the importance of a meeting

　　D. go ahead with the agreed programme

　　TEXT B

　　Cooperative competition. Competitive cooperation. Confused? Airline alliances have travelersscratching their heads over what's going on in the skies. Some folks view alliances as ablessing to travelers, offering seamless travel, reduced fares and enhanced frequent-flyerbenefits. Others see a conspiracy of big business, causing decreased competition, increasedfares and fewer choices. Whatever your opinion, there's no escaping airline alliances: themarketing hype is unrelenting, with each of the two mega-groupings. Oneworld and StarAlliance, promoting itself as the best choice for all travelers. And, even if you turn away fromtheir ads, chances are they will figure in any of your travel plans. By the end of the year,Oneworld and Star Alliance will between them control more than 40% of the traffic in the sky.Some pundits predict that figure will be more like 75% in 10 years.

　　But why, after years of often ferocious competition, have airlines decided to band together?Let's just say the timing is mutually convenient. North American airlines, having exhausted allmeans of earning customer loyalty at home, have been looking for ways to reach out to foreignflyers. Asian carriers are still hurting from the region-wide economic downturn that began twoyears ago — just when some of the airlineswere taking delivery of new aircraft. Alliances alsoallow carriers to cut costs and increase profits by pooling manpower resources on the ground(rather than each airline maintaining its own ground crew) and code-sharing — the practice oftwo partners selling tickets and operating only one aircraft.

　　So alliances are terrific for airlines - but are they good for the passenger? Absolutely, say theairlines: think to the lounges, the joint FFP (frequent flyer programme) benefits, the round-the-world fares, and the global service networks. Then there's the promise of "seamless"travel: the ability to, say, travel form Singapore to Rome to New York to Rio de Janiero, all onone ticket, without having to wait hours for connections or worry about your bags. SoundsUtopian? Peter Buecking, Cathay Pacific's director of sales and marketing, thinks that seamlesstravel is still evolving. "It's fair to say that these links are only in their infancy. The key toseamlessness rests in infrastructure and information sharing. We're working on this." Henry Ma,spokesperson for Star Alliance in Hong Kong, lists some of the other benefits for consumers: "Global travelers have an easier time making connections and planning their itineraries." Maclaims alliances also assure passengers consistent service standards.

　　Critics of alliances say the much-touted benefits to the consumer are mostly pie in the sky, thatalliances are all about reducing costs for the airlines, rationalizing services and running jointmarketing programmes. Jeff Blyskal, associate editor of Consumer Reports magazine, says thepromotional ballyhoo over alliances is much ado about nothing. "I don't see much of a gain forconsumers: alliances are just a marketing gimmick. And as far as seamless travel goes, I'llbelieve it when I see it. Most airlines can't even get their own connections under control, letalone coordinate with another airline."

　　Blyskal believes alliances will ultimately result in decreased flight choices and increased costsfor consumers. Instead of two airlines competing and each operating a flight on the sameroute at 70% capacity, the allied pair will share the route and run one full flight. Since fewerseats will be available, passengers will be obliged to pay more for tickets.

　　The truth about alliances and their merits probably lies somewhere between the travel Utopiapresented by the players and the evil empires portrayed by their critics. And how much theyaffect you depends on what kind of traveler you are.

　　Those who have already made the elite grade in the FFP of a major airline stand to benefit themost when it joins an alliance: then they enjoy the FFP perks and advantages on any and all ofthe member carriers. For example, if you're a Marco Polo Club "gold" member of Cathay Pacific'sAsia Miles FFP. you will automatically be treated as a valuable customer by all members, ofone world, of which Cathay Pacific is a member — even if you’ve never flown with them before.

　　For those who haven't made the top grade in any FFP, alliances might be a way of simplifyingthe earning of frequent flyer miles. For example, I belong to United Airline's Mileage Plus andgenerally fly less than 25 000 miles a year. But I earn miles with every flight I take on StarAlliance member — All Nippon Airways and Thai j Airways.

　　If you fly less than I do. you might be smarter to stay out of the FFP game altogether. Hunt forbargains when booking flights and you might be able to save enough to take that extra trip anyway. The only real benefit infrequent flyers can draw from an alliance is an inexpensive round-the-world fare.

　　The bottom line: for all the marketing hype, alliances aren't all things to all people-buteverybody can get some benefit out of them.

　　19. Which is the best word to describe air traveler's reaction to airline alliances?

　　A. Delight. B. Indifference. C. Objection. D. Puzzlement.

　　20. According to the passage, setting up airline alliances will chiefly benefit ___

　　A. North American airlines and their domestic travelers

　　B. North American airlines and their foreign counterparts

　　C. Asian airlines and their foreign travelers

　　D. Asian airlines and their domestic travelers

　　Which of the following is NOT a perceived advantage of alliances?

　　A. Baggage allowance. B. Passenger Comfort.

　　C. Convenience. D. Quality.

　　One disadvantage of alliances foreseen by the critics is that air travel may be more expensiveas a result of _____.

　　A. less convenience B. higher operation costs

　　C. less competition D. more joint marketing

　　23. According to the passage, which of the following categories of travelers will gain most fromairline alliances?

　　A. Travelers who fly frequently economy class.

　　B. Travelers who fly frequently business class.

　　C. Travelers who fly occasionally during holidays.

　　D. Travelers who fly economy class once in a while.

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