2002年英语专业八级考试真题（附听力mp3及答案）

　　TEXT J

　　First read the following questions.

　　37. Who is the author of Culture/Metaculture'!

　　A. Linda Anderson. B. Peter Childs.

　　C. Adam Roberts. D. Francis Mulhern.

　　38. Which of the following books draws on casestudies?

　　A. Modernism. B. Science Fiction.

　　C. Autobiography. D. Culture/Metaculture.

　　Now go through TEXT J quickly to answer questions37 and 38.

　　Autobiography

　　Linda Anderson, University of Newcastle. UK

　　This wide-ranging introduction to the study of autobiography offers a historical overview ofautobiographical writing from St Augustine to the present day. Linda I Anderson follows theimportant developments in autobiographical criticism in the last thirty years, paying particularattention to psychoanalytic, post-structuralist and | feminist approaches. This volume:

　　outlines the main theoretical issues and concepts of this difficult area

　　looks at the different forms from confessions to narratives to memoirs to diaries

　　considers the major writers of this historical tradition

　　Culture/Metaculture

　　Francis Mulhern, Middlesex University, UK

　　Culture/Metaculture is a stimulating introduction to the meanings of "culture" incontemporary Western society. This essential survey examines:

　　culture as an antidote to "mass" modernity, in the work of Thomas Mann, Mien Benda, KarlMannheim and F. R. Leavis

　　post-war theories of "popular" culture and the rise of Cultural Studies, paying particularattention to the key figures of Raymond Williams and Stuart Hall

　　theories of "metaculture", or the ways in which culture, however defined, speaks of itself

　　Modernism

　　Peter Childs, Cheltenham ad Gloucester College of Higher Education, UK

　　With its battle cry of "Make it New", the modernist movement shook the foundations of thelate nineteenth and early twentieth-century literary establishment. Modernism offers anoutstanding analysis of this literary and cultural revolution.Peter Childs' immenselyreadable account:

　　details the origins of the modernist movement and the influence of thinkers such as Darwin.Marx, Freud, Nietzsche, Saussure and Einstein

　　explores the radical changes which occurred in the literature, drama, art and film of the period

　　traces "modernism at work" in the writing of Joyce, Wolf, Mansfield, Forster, Yeats, Ford, Eliot.Beckett and other key literary figures

　　Science Fiction

　　Adam Roberts, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK

　　Science fiction is one of the most vigorous and exciting areas of modern culture, ranging fromgroundbreaking novels of ideas to blockbusters on the cinema screen. This outstandingvolume offers a clear and critically engaged account of the phenomenon. Adam Roberts:

　　provides a concise history of science fiction and the ways in which the genre has beendefined

　　examines the interactions between science fiction and science fact

　　anchors each chapter with a case study drawn from short story, book or film, from FrankHerbert's Dune to Barry Sonnefeld's Men in Black

　　TEXT K

　　First read the following questions.

　　39. What are Cookies in the following passage?

　　A. Computer data. B. Shopping habits.

　　C. Websites. D. Passwords.

　　40. How many pieces of advice are offered by the author to protect online shoppers' privacy?

　　A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.

　　Now go through TEXT K quickly to answer questions 39 and 40.

　　We all enjoy a little extra-special every now and then, whether it's a prime table at our favoriterestaurant or an upgrade on that long flight across the Pacific. Being recognized makes us feelvalued and we're more likely to do business with someone who takes the time to go that extramile. E-commerce sites know this, and they're doing everything they can to createpersonalized environments so we'll want to spend money online. How? By employing cookies.

　　Cookies are bits of data stored on your computer's hard drive when you visit a website. Theycan only be read by the site that sets them. Companies use them to store information aboutyou and to track your behavior on a particular website and, of course, your shopping habits.

　　Cookies help companies personalize their websites. This is how an online bookstore knowsyou're you. or how a news website knows to show you headlines from your hometown.Retailers use cookies to promote products they think you might like or to target ads that youmight find appealing. Cookies also record user IDs and passwords so you don't have to log ineach time you visit a site.

　　Cookies, however, have a darker side too. and all kinds of privacy issues lurk at every bend.On their own, cookies are generally harmless, if mildly intrusive. One potential problem,though, crops up when you enter personal information on a survey. This can be easily linkedup with cookies about your surfing habit and the website knows pretty much everything there isto know about you. Often this information is used simply to show you an advertisement for aproduct you might want to buy. But privacy advocates worry that this information could bemisused.

　　Here's what you can do as online shopper to protect your privacy:

　　Accept only cookies that get sent back to the originating server. Both Microsoft Explorer andNetscape Communicator offer this option.

　　Shop only with sites that post online privacy policies.

　　Be careful about what sort of information you give out in surveys.

　　Set up a secondary profile using an anonymous e-mail account and bogus ID. It'sclandestine, but you'll surf with greater anonymity. Of course, when you actually want to buysomething you'll have to give out your real name and address.

　　PAPER TWO

　　PART IV TRANSLATION (60 MIN)

　　SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

　　Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

　　大自然对人们的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等，所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶。锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌;往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方拥有自己的传说，风俗也就延传了下来。

　　SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

　　Translate the following underlined part of the TEXT into Chinese. Write your translation onANSWER SHEET THREE.

　　The word "winner" and "loser" have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, wedo not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who respondsauthentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individualand as a member of a society.

　　Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather,they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance,maintaining pretence and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference betweenbeing loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between beingknowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.

　　Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They canseparate facts from opinions and don't pretend to have all the answers. They I listen toothers; evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners canadmire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed bythem.

　　Winners do not play "helpless", nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assumeresponsibility for their own lives.

　　PART V WRITING (60 MIN)

　　All of us would agree that in order to be successful in the present-day society, we I universitygraduates have to possess certain personal qualities that can enable us to I realize our aim.What do you think is the most important personal quality of a I university graduate? Write acomposition of about 300 words on the following topic:

　　THE MOST IMPORTANT PERSONAL QUALITY OF A UNIVERSITY STUDENT

　　In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the secondpart you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part youshould bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.

　　Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow theabove instructions may result in a loss of marks.

　　Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

　　参考答案

　　PART I

　　Section A 1—5 CADCD

　　Section B 6—10 BDACB

　　Section C 11-15 BCDAB

　　Section D

　　1. literature/history/politics 2. advice/guide

　　3. conversation/communication/discussion

　　4. essay/ writing 5. explanation/ interaction 6. widely/ commonly/ frequently

　　7. interactive/ communicative/ feedback 8. overview

　　9. latest/ recent 10. views/ arguments/ viewpoints

　　PART II

　　1. any infant → any other infant 2. have → has 3. pay → draw/ call

　　4. on → to 5. in → at 6. them → themselves 7. the others → others

　　8. be → is 9. genetic → genetically 10. in such way → in such a way

　　1. and (orthography) → while/ whereas/ yet/ but (orthography) 2. with → of

　　3. out 4. firstly → first 5. which → that

　　6. went → go 7. per 或 every 8. This → It

　　9. and → together and 10. far → away

　　PART III

　　16—20 DABDB 21—25 ACBBD 26—30 CACCA 31—35 BDACC 36—40 ADBAD

　　PART IV

　　Section A

　　Nature does the same favor to every human being, whether rich or poor. So all the humans puton the nature deep dependence, especially in the countryside, where people have been livingthe same life for thousands of years. They plant crops and grapes, make wine to drink, feed thecattle and milk the cow, weed and plant flowers. They go to church at weekends, and playmusic instruments on the plaza in the festivals, dancing and singing. The previous rural farmsremain today's sweet home. In this way, each area has legends of its own and the customspassed down.

　　Section B

　　想像中自己应该是什么样的，成功者没有将生命消耗在这种信念上。相反，他们活得有自我，因此，不绞尽脑汁矫揉造作，不试图将他人玩弄于股掌之中。他们知道，真心关爱和虚情假意之间、真傻和装傻之间、真才实学和佯装有才之间界线分明。成功者无需面具掩藏自我。

　　成功者勇于独立思考，敢于展示才华。他们能将事实和观点区分开来，不假装全懂。他们听人进言，并权衡利弊，从而得出自己的结论。他们会钦佩他人，但他们从不为其所羁绊。

　　成功者不表现出无助，也不怨天尤人。相反，他们对生活尽职尽责。

　　PART V

　　The Most Important Personal Quality of a University Student

　　Everyone has one or more dreams. But it is much easier to set an aim than to realize it. In thecourse of obtaining success, we need a number of helps, either external or internal, and thepersonal qualities are of superior importance. Among the qualities, such as smartness,honesty, confidence, the most important one, in my opinion, is diligence.

　　We are sure to encounter a number of difficulties on the way to success. On the one hand, wemust hold on. On the other hand, we should make efforts to find the best solutions as soon aspossible. We have to force ourselves to know more, do more, sweat more. Only workingindustriously can assure us of a good result.

　　Being industrious means more work and less relaxation. So diligent people will complete theirtasks in a shorter time than others. They will get more information and experience in their work.In the long run they will do their job better and better. Diligence also means broad knowledgeand good public relationship. No one will look down upon an industrious person, and noemployer will promote an idle one.

　　In addition, industry is a merit of our Chinese people. It is also a stimulus to Japan's recoveryfrom the disaster of World War II • It is needed to realize our aims and to make our countrymore prosperous.

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