2003年英语专业八级考试真题（附听力mp3及答案）

2003年英语专业八级考试真题（附听力mp3及答案）

　　2003年英语专业八级考试听力原文

　　PART Ⅰ

　　LISTENING COMPREHENSION

　　SECTION A TALK

　　When we talk about a modern company, we usuallyhave managers, employees, products, research anddevelopment or marketing in mind. However, inreality, a company is not just made up of theseelements. There are other things that make a company what it is. This morning, we are going tolook at some other aspects of a company. Let’s first take a look at the offices. The physicalsurroundings of most modern companies, especially offices are becoming more and moresimilar. Although there are some differences from country to country, one office looks much likeanother. Office furniture and equipment tends to be similar, desks, chairs, filing cabinets,computers, etc. “What is important about offices?”you may ask, “What the atmosphere of thework place can often influence the effectiveness of a company’s employees?”Modern offices aremore spacious and better laid, heated, ventilated and airconditioned than in the past. But ofcourse, this is the feature that varies from firm to firm, and may be dependant on the size ofthe company and its cooperate philosophy. In some comanies, the employees work in large,open-plan offices without walls between the departments; in others, the staff members workmore privately in individual offices. No matter what the office’s law is like, modern companies payspecial attention to the physical surroundings in order to create an atmosphere conducive tohigher working efficiency. Another related point when talking about offices is the workrelations with other people at the place of work. They include relationships with fellowemployees, workers or colleagues. A great part of work or job satisfaction, some people saythe major portion, comes from getting on with others at work. Work relations were alsoincluded those between management and employees. These relations are not alwaysstraightforward, particularly as the management's assessment of how your performing canbe crucial to your future career.

　　Now I’d like to say a bit more about the relations between management and employees. Therewill also be matters about which employees will want to talk to the management. In smallbusinesses, the boss will probably work alongside his or her workers. Anything that needs to besorted out will be done face to face as soon as the problem arises. There will be no formalmeetings for procedures. But the larger the business, the less direct contact there will bebetween employees and management. Special meetings have to be held and procedures set upto say when, where, how and what circumstances the employees can talk to the management.Some companies have specially organized consultive committees for this purpose. In manycountries of the world today, particularly in large firms, employees join a trade union and askthe union to represent them to the management. Through the union all categories of employeescan pass on the complaints they have and try to get things changed. The process, throughwhich unions negotiate with management on behalf of their members is called, collectivebargaining. Instead of each employee trying to bargain alone with the company, the employeesjoin together and collectively put forward their views. Occasionally a firm will refuse torecognize the right of a union to negotiate for its members, and its dispute over unionrecognition will arise. Whether there is an agreement, bargaining or negotiation will takeplace. A compromise agreement may be reached. When this is not possible, the sides can goto arbitration and bring in a third party from outside to say what they think should happen.

　　However, sometimes one of the sides decides to take industrial action. The management canlock out the employees and prevent them from coming to work. This used to be quitecommon, but it's rarely used today. The main courses of action open to a trade union arestrike, a ban on working overtime, “working to rule”, that is when employees work according tothe company rule book, "go slows", which means that employees may spend more time doingthe same job, and “picketing”, which means the employees stand outside the entrance to thebusiness location, hoarding outside to show that they are in conflict with the management.Every country has its own tradition of industrial relations, so it’s difficult to generalize. In somebusinesses, unions are not welcomed by the management, but it others, the unions play animportant role both in the everyday working relations of individual companies, and also in thesocial and political life of the country.

　　SECTION B INTERVIEW

　　If you are going to create a TV show that plays week after week, it needs an actor who can playa believer, you know, a person who tends to believe everything. Tonight in our show we haveDavid Duchovney, who has starred in the popular TV series, “The X·Files”. Thanks to hisbrilliant performance in the TV series, David has become one of best-known figures in thecountry.

　　Interviewer: Good evening, David, I’m so glad to have you here.

　　David: It’s my pleasure. Thank you for inviting me on the show.

　　Interviewer: David, have you often been on the radio shows?

　　David: Oh, yes, quite often. To be frank, I love to be on the show.

　　Interviewer: Why?

　　David: You know, I want to know what people think about the TV series and about me, myacting, etc.

　　Interviewer: OK, David, let’s first talk about the character you played in ‘The X·Files’. Thecharacter, whose name is Mulder is supposed to be a believer. He deals with those unbelievable,wild and often disastrous events. He must be, I mean, Mulder, someone who really believes inthe things he meets in order to keep on probing into those mysteries.

　　David: That’s true. Remember those words said by Mulder: What is so hard to believe? Whoseintensity makes even a most skeptical viewer believe the paranormal and our rigorousgovernment consipiracies, without every reason to believe that life in the persistent survey isdriving us out of our territorial sphere, etc., etc.

　　Interviewer: I believe, I guess, David, your contribution to the hot series is quite aparent. Nowlet’s talk about your personal experience. From what I have read, I know that starting fromyour childhood, you were always a smart boy, went to the best private school, and wereaccepted at most of the Ivy League colleges. Not bad for a low middle class kid from a brokenfamily on New York’s Lower Eastside. It’s even more surprising when you, who were on yourway to a doctorate at Yale to took a few acting classes and got beaten by the book.

　　David: You bet. My mother was really surprised when I decided to give up all that in order tobecome an actor.

　　Interviewer: Sure. But talking about Mulder, the believer in ‘The X·Files’, what about you, David?Do you believe at all in real life, the aliens, people from outer space, you know, UFOs,government conspiracies, all the things that the TV series deal with?

　　David: Well, government conspiracies, I think, are a little far fetched. Because I mean, it’s veryhard for me to keep a secret with a friend of mine. And you can tell me that the entiregovernment is going to come together and hide the aliens from us? I find that hard to believe.In terms of aliens, I think that they are real. They must be.

　　Interviewer: So you could believe in aliens?

　　David: Oh, yeah.

　　Interviewer: The character you played in ‘The X·Files’, Fox Mulder, is so dark and moody. Areyou dark and moody in life?

　　David: I think so. I think what they wanted was somebody who could be this hearted, drivenperson, but not behave that way and therefore be hearted and driven but also appear to benormal and not crazy at the same time. And I think that I could, I can, I can afford that.

　　Interviewer: What haunts you now? What drives you now?

　　David: What drives me is failure and success and all those things, so ... ?

　　Interviewer: Where are you now? Are you haunted and driven, failed or successful, which?

　　David: Yeah, both.

　　Interviewer: All of the above?

　　David: I always feel like a failure.

　　Interviewer: Do you mean now you feel like a failure?

　　David: Yeah, I mean, sometimes you know, like I come back to New York, so its like, everythingis different. So I lie on bed and think, two years ago, three years ago, very different. Maybe I’mdoing well, but then I think, you know there are just so many other things that I want to doand ...

　　Interviewer: Your father and mother divorced when you were eleven. Does that have effect onyour life today that you recognize?

　　David: Well, yeah, I think that the only way to think of it is that, you know, people are saying‘your wound is your goal’, you know, 'wherever you're hurt, that's where you'll becomestronger.’So, that’s what, that’s what it’s really about ...

　　Interviewer: OK. It’s time for short break. We’ll be back in a minute. David Duchovney in 'TheX·file', don't go away.

　　SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

　　News Item 1(For Question 11)

　　The Bush administration is warning that continuing mid-east violence threatens tooverwhelm US efforts to revise Israeli-Palestinian Peace talks, using the recommendations ofthe Mitchell commission to bring the two sides together. The administration officials areopenly worried the violence and particularly the car bomb attack injured Isreali civilians couldundermine what they see as a positive opening towards renewed peace talks presented by theMitchell report. The US appeal came in the week of the bomb blast Wednesday in Israeli coastaltown of Netanya that injured several Israelies. Responsibility for the bombing was claimed bythe Palestinian group, Islamic Jihad. At the state department, sopkesman, Phillip Reeker saidthere can be no justification for terrorism and targeting its civilians, and he urged thePalestinian authority to do all they can to put an end to such incidents which is said tothreaten to overtake the latest peace efforts.

　　News Item 2 (For Question 12)

　　Voters in Peru head to the post today to cast their ballots in a run-off presidential electionthat many hope will mark the end of the nation’s political crisis. Opinion polls last week show themodern candidate Arhumdred Toledo with a narrow lead over a left-leaning former PresidentEllen Gaceya. Both candidates have campaigned on similar populous platforms. Meanwhile pre-election Service indicates that up to 25% of voters in Peru plan to spoil or leave their ballotsblank to show their dissatisfaction with both candidates.

　　News Item 3 (For Questions 13-15)

　　Canada for the seventh consecutive year ranks the best place to live in the world. But if you area woman, you are better off in Scandinavia since the UN Human Development Report (2000)released yesterday. Norway is in second place you know for ranking followed by the UnitedStates, Australia, Iceland, Sweden, Belgium, the Netherlands Japan and Britain. Finland is ineleventh place followed by France, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Luxembourg,Ireland, Italy and New Zealand. At the other end of the scale, the ten least developed countriesthat provide the fewest service to their people, from the bottom up, a war-devastated SierraLeone, Niger, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Brandi, Guinean Bissau, Mozambique, Chad, CentralAfrican Republic and Mali.

　　SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING

　　Good morning, everybody. Today’s lecture is about Abraham Maslov’s hierarchy of needs. Thisseems like a physiological topic. Actually it is something psychological. Abraham Maslov is apsychologist, and he is especially known for his theory of human needs.

　　OK, first of all, what is the need? Here, we can simply define it as a personal requirement.Maslov believes that humans are wanting beings, who seek to fulfil a variety of needs.According to his theory, these needs can be arranged in an order according to their importance.It is this order that has become known as Maslov’s hierarchy of needs. In this hierarchy ofneeds, at the most basic level are physiological needs. Fundamentally, humans are just onespecies of animal. We need to keep ourselves alive. Physiological needs are what we require forsurvival. These needs include food and water, shelter and sleep. At this level for us humans,Maslov also includes the need for clothing. How are these needs usually satisfied? It is mainlythrough adequate wages.

　　Then what is the next level of needs? At the next level are safety needs, the things we requirefor physical and emotional security. Physical security is easy to understand. Everybodyneeds to keep his body safe from injury, illness, etc. Then what is emotional security? Well,that may be the point in this hierarchy of needs, where humans begin to differ from otheranimals. We are thinking animals. We have worries, what we fear may be losing a job, or beingstruck down by a severe disease. Besides physical Security, we need to think we are safe frommisfortunes both now and in a forseeable future. How can these needs be met then? Accordingto Maslov, safety needs may be satisfied through job security, health insurance, pensionplans and safe working conditions.

　　After this stage come the levels of needs that are particular to human beings. The immediatefollowing level are the social needs. Under this category, Maslov puts our requirements for loveand affection and the sense of belonging. We need to be loved, we need to belong to a groupnot just the family in which we can share with others in common interest. In Maslov’s view, thisneed can be satisfied through the work environment and some informal organizations.Certainly, we also need social relationships beyond the work place, for example, with family andfriends. Next, the level of esteem needs. What are esteem needs then? They include both theneeds of self-esteem and the need of esteem of others. Self-esteem is a sense of our ownachievements and worth. We need to believe that we are successful, we are no worse if nobetter than others. The esteem of people is the respect and recognition we gain from otherpeople, by or through our work or our activities in other social groups. The ways to satisfyesteem needs include personal achievements, promotion to more resposible jobs, varioushonors and awards and other forms of recognition.

　　What follows is the top level of this hierarchy of needs. These are the self-realization needs. Inother words, they are the needs to grow and develop as people, the needs to become all thatwe are capable of being. These are the most difficult needs to satisfy. Whether one canachieve this level or not, perhaps determines whether one can be a great man or just anordinary man. Of course, it depends on different people. The means of satisfying them tend tovary greatly with the individual. For some people, learning a new skill, starting a new careerafter retirement could quite well satisfy their self-realization needs. While for other people, itcould be becoming the best in certain areas. It could be becoming the president of IBM,anyway, being great or ordinary is what others think, while self-realization is largely individual.Maslov suggested that people work to satisfy their physiological needs first, then their safetyneeds and so on up the needs ladder. In general, they are motivated by the needs at thelowest level that remain unsatisfied. However, needs at one level do not have to be completelysatisfied before needs at the next higher level come into play. If the majority of a person’sphysiological and safety needs are satisfied, that person will be motivated primarily by socialneeds. But any physiological and safety needs that remain Unsatisfied will keep playing animportant role.

　　OK, that’s the general picture of Maslov’s hierarchy of needs. Just to sum up, I brieflyintroduce to you Maslov’s theory. Maslov thinks there are five kinds of human needs with eachone being more important than the preceding one. I hope that you find his ideas interesting andin our next lecture, we will mainly discuss the practical implications of his theory.

　　Now, you have 2 minutes to check your notes, then please complete the 15-minute gap-fillingtask on Answer Sheet One.

　　This is the end of Part One.

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