2017英语专四语法考点：定语从句

2016-12-26 17:59:03来源：网络

　　7.关系副词(=介词+关系代词)：

关系副词	先行词	在从句中的作用	说明
when(=at / on / in / during which)	时间名词	时间状语	非正式文体中，有时用that代替关系副词

　　例：I shall never forget the day when (=on which) we first met.

　　我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。

　　The rain came at a time when (=at which) it was not needed.

　　雨下得不是时候。

　　This is the computer where (=by/on which) he has stolen top-secret documents.

　　这就是他用来盗窃绝密文件的计算机。

　　Here is the place where (=at which) the murder took place.

　　这就是谋杀发生的地方。

　　He didn’t give any reason why (=for which) I had been fired.

　　他没给任何解雇我的理由

　　This is the house in which (=where) my parents used to live.

　　这就是我父母以前住过的房子。

　　注意事项：

　　(1)在非正式场合， that有时可用来代替关系副词或相当于关系副词的“介词+which”，而且经常全部省略，

　　如：In all the years that (=when/during which) I was at collage

　　在我读大学的那些年里

　　the reason that(=why/for which)he is not happy

　　他不高兴的理由

　　The direction(that)(=in which )the heavenly bodies move can’t be changed.

　　天体运行的方向是不可改变的。

　　He is unpopular because people don’t like the offensive way (that)(=in which) he talks.

　　他不受欢迎的原因是他说话的方式让人讨厌。

　　(2)是用关系代词还是用关系副词：

　　关系词(包括关系代词和关系副词)是学习英语定语从句的关键。用关系代词还是用关系副词，一要看关系词在从句当中作什么成分;二要看关系词所代表的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因;三要看所引导的是限定性定语从句还是非限定性定语从句。所以同样的先行词会有不同的关系词，这是因为关系词在从句当中担当的作用不同而决定的。

　　如：This is the room where/in which we’ll celebrate the New Year.

　　这是我们将要在里面庆贺新年的房间。(充当地点状语)

　　This is the room(that /which)we’ll celebrate the New Year in.

　　这是我们将要在里面庆贺新年的房间。(充当介词宾语，可省略。)

　　This is the room which /that will be used for the celebration of the New Year.

　　这是那个将要被用来庆贺新年的房间。(充当主语)

　　This is the room (which/that) we’ll use for the New Year dinner party.

　　这是我们将要用来举行新年晚宴的房间。(充当宾语，可省略。)

　　The reason (that /which) he had given was not sound enough.

　　他给的理由不够充分。(充当宾语，可省略)

　　The reason why/for which he had done that was not sound enough.

　　他做那件事的理由不够充分。(充当原因状语)