2018英语专四语法点：原因状语从句

2017-04-28 12:09:44来源：网络

　　引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because(因为), as(由于), since(既然), now(that)(既然), when(既然), seeing (that) (由于，鉴于), considering (that)(考虑到), given (that) (考虑到)等。

　　一、引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要的有because,for,in that,for the reason that;as,seeing (that), seeing as;since;now (that); considering (that)等：The woolly shrank because it was washed badly. 毛衣因为洗涤的方法不好而缩水。I can’t get to sleep because of the noise outside. 由于外面声音嘈杂我睡不着。Since [As] we’ve no money, we can’t buy it. 由于我们没钱，我们不能购买它。Seeing that it’s raining, we’d better stay indoors. 既然外边在下雨，我们最好待在室内。Now that you are here, you’d better stay. 你既然来了，最好还是留下吧(既来之，则安之)。【注】除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外，when有时也可引导原因状语从句(when表示“既然”)I won’t tell you when you won’t listen. 既然你不想听，那我就不告诉你了。

　　二、关于not…because结构该结构中的否定词有时否定主句，有时否定从句，一般要根据句子的意思作出正确或合乎逻辑的理解。若not否定主句，最好在because之前用逗号，否则会引起歧义，如下句在没有特定上下文时就有两种解释：I didn’t go because I was afraid. 我没有去是因为怕。/ 我不是因为怕才去的。不过若because之前有just修饰，一般认为not 是否定从句的：You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不要因为有人说你坏话而生气。

　　三、because不能与so连用汉语习惯上说“因为…所以…”，但英语习惯上却不能将 so与because 连用：因为下雨，所以我们得呆在家里。正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home.误：Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.

　　四、because从句与 because of短语的转换Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换，because of后加的原因可以为好或坏但最正规的还是because　He can’t come because he is ill. / He can’t come because of his illness. 他因病不能来。I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wife’s being there. 因为他妻子在那儿，我对此事只字未提。比较：because, since, as和for1)　because语势最强，表示不知道的原因用because，即说话人认为听话人不知道。因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常被放置于主语之后。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。I didn't go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2)　for虽然表示原因，但因语气比because弱得多，是可说可不说的话，只能位于主句之后。这时，for是并列连词，如果不是因果关系，而是对前面主语内容加以解释或推断时，只能用for。He is absent today, because / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.

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